The above conversation happens between Embok and Wagé. The addresser, Embok,
showing calls someone that include in address terms. The conversations applytypes of address terms: pronoun, kinship terms, titles, and names. In these
novels, Para Priyayi and Javanese Gentry, there are some different addressing systems between English and Indonesian address terms. From some examples
above, people know that there are some different address terms between English and Indonesian. There is an English address terms that does not used in Indonesian
address terms. Based on the phenomenon above, the researcher is interested in conducting a
research dealing with English and Indonesian address terms that are used in two different novels. Therefore, the researcher is interested to analyze address terms.
Thus, the researcher will carry out the study “ADDRESS TERMS IN UMAR
KAYAM’S PARA PRIYAYI NOVEL AND THEIR TRANSLATED EXPRESSIONS IN VLADISLAV ZHUKOV‘S JAVANESE GENTRY NOVEL”.
B. Identification of the Problem
This research has three points. The first point is the type of address terms which is mostly used in Umar Kayam
’s Para Priyayi novel and its English version, Vladislav Zhukov
’s Javanese Gentry novel. The researcher focuses on the theory proposed by Braun 1988:12. Braun states that there are nine types of address
terms, non-verbal and paralinguistic factors proximity, distance, pitch, and loudness, structures and forms of openings and closings, bound and free forms of
address, pronouns of address, special verb forms or nouns of address, names,
kinship terms, titles, terms of endearment, avoidance forms and behaviour, and special languagesregisterscodes. Therefore, the researcher classified the data into
four types, pronouns of address, names, kinship terms, and titles. Mostly, the translator translates address terms which the types of pronouns of
address, names, kinship terms, and titles. For example the word Wagé which is also translated into Wagé is categorized into names which show the name of
personcharacter. The second point is the translation techniques employed in the translation of the address terms. The researcher applies techniques of translation by
Molina and Albir 2002: 509-511. They stated that there are 18 types of techniques of translation namely: adaptation, amplification, borrowing, calque, compensation,
description, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, lingustic amplification,
linguistic compression,
literal translation,
modulation, particularization, reduction, substitution, transposition, and variation.
Meanwhile, the researcher focuses on four types of translation techniques by Molina and Albir; borrowing, generalization, literal translation, and modulation.
For instance, the word Simbok is a Javanese language which means mother. It is translated into Simbok by employing borrowing technique. The word Simbok does
not need any changes from source text to target text. The last point is meaning equivalence; the researcher focuses on Bell’s theory 1991:6. Based on Bell’s
theory, meaning equivalence is divided into equivalent fully equivalent meaning, partly equivalent meaning and non equivalent different meaning and no meaning.
Based on the background of the study, the researcher tries to raise the formulation of the problems dealing with comparative study of address terms as follows:
1. What are the types of address terms
found in Umar Kayam’s Para Priyayi novel and their translated expressions in Vladislav Zhukov’s Javanese Gentry
novel? 2.
What are the techniques of translation applied by the translator in translating address terms in Umar Kayam’s Para Priyayinovel and their translated
expressions in Vladislav Zhukov’s Javanese Gentry novel? 3.
What is the meaning equivalence of the translation of address terms in Umar Kayam’s Para Priyayi novel and their translated expressions in Vladislav
Zhukov’s Javanese Gentry novel?
C. Objectives of the Study
