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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theories of Education
1. Accounting Learning Motivation
a. Theories Accounting Learning Motivation
1 The Definition of Learning Motivation
Sadirman 2011: 75 assumes that learning motivation is an effort that lies within the students emerging learning activities that
guarantee the learning processes and giving direction to learning activities, so the expected learning activities can be done. Learning
motivation can happen if students themselves determine their learning activities with their experiences as an energy that pushes
them to change energy within someone into real activities to achieve a certain purpose. It is the same as Mc. Donald says in
Syaiful Bahri D. 2002: 114 that motivation is an energy change within the person characterized by affective arousal and
anticipatory goal reactions. According to the definitions of motivation mentioned, in
conclusion, learning motivation is an internal and external drive or effort within someone in learning activities that emerges due to
passions and needs to make changes in order to achieve the goal of learning activities.
2 The Function of Learning Motivation
Sadirman states 2003: 85 that there are three functions of learning motivation: 1 to push someone to do something, to
become a motivator that spread energy to everyone. In this case, motivation is an activator of every activity they do; 2 to
determine behaviors to achieve an expected goal. Therefore, motivation can determine behaviors and activities that have to be
done according to the formulation of the goal; 3 to select behaviors which is to determine what to do in order to achieve a
goal by eliminating useless behaviors. Hamzah B. Uno 2008: 17 explains that the functions of
learning motivation are: 1 to push someone to do something to fulfill needs; 2 to determine the expected purposes; 3 to
determine behaviors that have to be done. Further, motivation can function as an attempt and achiever. A good learning motivation
will make good achievement. Based on some opinions above, it is concluded that the function of learning motivation is as an activator
to fulfill individual needs in order to achieve better by doing great efforts.
3 The Characteristics of Learning Motivation
Motivation that lies within someone have characteristics, as follows Sadirman, 2011: 83: 1 being diligent in doing
assignments; 2 being persistent in facing learning difficulties; 3
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