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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design and Types
1. Research Types This research is a Research and Development R D. According
to Sugiyono 2010: 297, R D is a type of research used to produce a certain product and to examine the effectiveness of the product. This
research aims to develop an Accounting Pocket Book on the basic competence: managing adjustment entries. The developed product in this
research is an Accounting Pocket Book on managing adjustment entries topic. This research used a development model ADDIE that stands for
Analysis, Design, Development, or Production, Implementation, or Delivery and Evaluation.
2. Research Design ADDIE was developed by Dick and Carrey 1996 to design a
learning system Endang Mulyatiningsih, 2011: 184. It stands for Analysis, Design, Development, or Production, Implementation, or
Delivery and Evaluation. Michael Molenda 2003: 1 in a quotation of a journal from upi.edu says that
“ADDIE is an acronym referring to the major processes that comprise the generic ISD process: Analysis, Design,
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Beyond that, I think there is a widely shared understanding that when used in ISD models these
processes are considered to be sequential but also iterative…”
The following is the explanation of five development stages adjusted with this research:
1 Analysis Stage The first stage of the research was an analysis or a preliminary
study. The analysis was used to identify the goal of the media development and for whom the media would aim. This is in line
with Munir 2008 saying that “In this stage, the purpose of the media development for students, teachers or environments are
determined.” The research analysis is explained in detail below: a. Curriculum Analysis
The adjustment of the book contents was done according to the learning context that aimed students to be more active and pushed
them to find other learning sources outside learning hours. b.
Students’ Needs Analysis
After conducting observation, the researcher found that students needed a practical and captivating learning media that can improve
students’ learning motivation. c. Material Analysis
Adjustment entries is the most difficult material for students. They need extra explanation and practices, so they can easily understand
it.
d. Purpose Formulation An Accounting Pocket Book was hoped to fulfill the needs of grade
X Accounting students in SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta by providing practical and easily-understood references. Moreover,
students’ motivation increased. 2 Design Stage
The second stage was a design stage or media design. This stage was a media design according to the result of analysis stage.
3 Development Stage In this stage, the media was developed according to the design
covering book cover, skin, contents, pictures and colors. After the preliminary product of the pocket book was made, a validation test
was done as an expert judgment. Validation was carried out by media and material experts. If the product needs improvement, the
revision stage will be conducted. If the product is good already, it can go on to the implementation stage.
4 Implementation Implementation stage was done to examine the media to the
users. The media was created for the grade X accounting students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. The characteristic of the
implementation was a try- out to see how the users’ responses and
evaluations to the product seen from some aspects.
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