Text-Based Approach Theoretical Review
21 competence. Feez and Joyce in Richards 2006: 36 state several important points
in using this approach in teaching language. They are: a.
Teaching explicitly about the structures and grammatical features of spoken and written texts
b. Linking spoken and written texts to the cultural context of their use
c. Designing units of work which focus on developing skills in relation to whole
texts d.
Providing students with guided practice as they develop language skills for meaningful communication through whole texts
To implement this approach, there are several stages that should be done in the teaching and learning process. Feez and Joyce in Richards 2006: 39 – 41
explain how the text-based approach should be implemented in the English teaching and learning process as follows:
a. Building the Context
This stage aims to build students’ background knowledge of the text. In this stage, the English teacher introduces the social context of an authentic model
of the text being studied. The students also explore the immediate context of the situation by examining the register of a model text which has been selected on the
basis of the course objectives and students’ need. b.
Modelling and Deconstructing the Text In this stage of Text-Based Instruction, students are given a text and learn
it. They will examine the structural pattern and language features of the text. c.
Joint Construction of the Text Joint Construction of the Text is a phase in which students can begin to
contribute to the construction of whole examples of the text type. In this phase, students must do the activity in group.
22 d.
Independent Construction of the Text Students must work individually in this phase of Text-Based Instruction.
Their performances are used for achievement assessment. e.
Linking Related Text The last stage of this approach gives opportunity for students to investigate
how what they have learned in the teaching and learning cycle can be related to other text in the same or similar context or the future or past cycles of teaching
and learning Text-Based Instruction is an approach that stressed out the use of the
different kinds of text in the specific use of their context in the English teaching and learning process. This approach can be used to develop students’
communicative competence by providing various types of text that can be found in the real world.