7 Furthermore, the efforts not only come from the readers, but also come
from the writer. The writer also tries to share a message in his mind to the reader. Heshe need to make the message clear to hisher readers. Therefore, Nuttall
1996:11 add that reading as an interactive process. It means that while a reader reads a test to comprehend the writer’s intention, the text provides information
that the writer wants the reader to understand in certain ways. Armed with these ideas, reading is a receptive skill which is aimed to
respond to the text and this skill develops gradually. To master the central goal of reading that is to comprehend a text, readers need to have reading practices of
various texts. Reading practice will help them to get better at comprehending a text.
b. Reading Comprehension
Reading comprehension has essential role in reading skill. The central goal of reading is to comprehend a text. The reading comprehension skill helps a
reader to get a meaning from a text. These skills, according to Johnson 2008:110, are strategies that are used by readers to search for information and
construct meaning from a text. These thinking processes are used to comprehend a text.
To comprehend a text, a reader uses the reading comprehension skill. However, the reading comprehension is not only about how readers respond to a
text. Klinger et al. 2007: 8 suggest reading comprehension as a multi- component, highly complex process. This process involves many interactions
between readers and what they bring to the text previous knowledge, strategy
8 use as well as variables related to the text itself interest in text, understanding of
text types. Furthermore, there are also three elements entailed in reading
comprehension. Snow 2002: 11 explains these three elements are the reader, the text and the activity. The first element is the reader who is doing the
comprehending. A reader, when he tries to comprehend a text, brings all his capacities, abilities, knowledge and experiences to the act of reading. The text that
is to comprehend is also has a large effect on reading comprehension. The third element is the activity in which comprehension is a part. This includes the
purposes, processes and consequences associated with the act of reading. These three elements are interrelated in the reading process.
Reading comprehension helps a reader to comprehend a text. Reading comprehension can also be defined as process which is influenced by many
factors, such as interactions between readers and what they bring to the text as well as variables related to the text itself. Other factors, such as the reader, the text
and the activity are also the factors entailed in reading comprehension. In order to comprehend a text, readers should consider these factors. Consequently, it is
important for a reader to keep on practicing in reading. It will make them be accustomed with reading and will make them have better reading comprehension
skill.
c. Reading Subskills
In order to master reading, a learner should master reading subskills. Spratt et al. 2005:23 explain that “subskill is a skill that is part of a main skill”. For
