7 Addition
Extra information is added to the SL proper noun so that it can be more understandable and desirable to the target readers. Below is the example.
ST : . . .ke Cina saja disuruh belajar, masak ke Jawa saja tidak. TT: . . . tells us to go to China, why not to East Java?
The word “Jawa” in the TT is added with “East”. It makes more specific and understandable to the target reader.
8 Transposition
It is a change of one part of speech for another one without any shift in the meaning. Here is the example.
ST : . . . pemikir modern Islam . . . TT: . . . a modern Islamic thinker . . .
In this case, “Islam” in the ST is a noun and it is translated into an adjective “Islamic”.
9 Phonological Replacement
In this procedure, the phonological features of the original name are imitated in the TL. In other words, a TL name, which has a similar sound to the SL
name, replaces the original name. The example of this technique is shown below.
ST : Ibrahim TT: Abraham
The sound i is replaced by ə.
10 Conventionality
This technique occurs when a word especially a proper noun in the TT is conventionally accepted as the translation of the ST. It is usually used for
historical or literary figures and geographical locations. The example of conventionality is shown below.
ST : . . . naik mobil ke kantor George Bush di Gedung Putih, . . .
TT
: . . . by car away from George W. Bush’s office at the White House, . . .
In Bahasa Indonesia, White House is known as Gedung Putih.
2. Proper Noun
Noun is a part of speech used for name of place, thing, person, or action. According to Nussbaum 2015, there are seven types of noun. Two of them are
proper noun and common noun. They are explained as follows. a.
Proper noun. It is the specific noun that is written by capital letter in the first letter. Here are the examples: Jakarta, Anna, Semeru, Islam, etc.
b. Common noun. It is noun which is not included in the notion of proper noun.
For examples: city, girl, mountain, religion, etc. Proper noun is a noun which is specific to something and it has been
written in capital even though in middle of sentence. According to Frank 1972:6 a proper noun begins with a capital letter in writing. He lists six types of proper
nouns. They are explained as follows. a.
Personal names. It is a name of person, for example Mr. Alex Ferdinand, Doraemon, Alice, Anna.
b. Geographical units. It is a name of some places includes countries, cities,
rivers, etc. such as Mahakam River, Tokyo, Lake Toba. c.
Nationalities and religions. They are related to a status of belonging to particular nation and religion, for example Indonesian, Javanese, Moslem.
d. Holidays. It is a name of some special days or festival in a country or a
religion, usually everyone has no work or school in those days, such as Christmas, Idul Fitri, and Independence Day.
e. Time units. It is a particular time unit that must written by capital letters such
as the name of month and day. The examples are Sunday, May, June. f.
Word used for personification. It is a thing or abstraction treated as a person, such as Liberty, Nature.
According to Panitia Pengembangan Bahasa Indonesia 2000 there are ten types of noun in Bahasa Indonesia that must be written with capital letter. They
are listed and explained as follows. a.
Berkaitan dengan Tuhan, agama, kitab suci, and kata ganti Tuhan. It is for the noun related to God, religion, ho
ly book, and the God’s pronoun. For examples are Allah, Injil, Gusti Allah, etc.
b. Gelar kehormatan, keagamaan yang diikuti oleh nama orang. It is for the
honored or religious title that is followed by the name. The example is Ustad Torik.
c. Jabatan, pangkat yang diikuti nama orang. Duty or position that is followed
by the name is must be written in capital. For examples, Jenderal Sudirman, Gubernur Sri Sultan HB X, Kolonel Sugiyono.
d. Nama orang. Name of person is must be capitalized, for example Fanny,
Tika, Eko. e.
Nama bangsa, suku, bahasa. Nationality, ethnicity, language are also written in capital. The examples are Dayak, Bahasa Jawa,
f. Nama tahun, bulan, hari, hari raya, peristiwa sejarah. In Bahasa Indonesia
time units, holidays, historical moments are written in capital. Here are the example, Masehi, Juni, Senin, Idul Fitri, Perang Diponegoro.
g. Nama geografi. Like in English, geographical units are also capitalized. Here
are the examples Gunung Tambora, Danau Toba, Sungai Mahakam. h.
Unsur nama negara, lembaga pemerintah, ketatanegaraan, dokumen resmi. It is for element of a state, the name of department, constitution, official
document. The examples are Republik Indonesia, Departemen Dalam Negeri, Keputusan Walikota.
i. Bentuk ulang sempurna yang terdapat pada nama badan atau lembaga
pemerintah dan ketatanegaraan, dokumen resmi. In Bahasa Indonesia, perfect repetition in the name of department and constitution, official
document are must be written in capital letter. For example are Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Rancangan Undang-Undang Kepalangmerahan.
j. Nama buku, majalah, surat kabar, judul karangan. Name of book, magazine,
newspaper, title of article are written in capital, for examples Ranah 3 Warna, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Si Kancil dan Gajah.
3. Meaning Equivalence
According to Catford 1965:20, translation is the replacement of textual materials in one language to another language by equivalent textual materials in
another language. Equivalence is the important point that has to be paid more attention in the activity of translation. It is discovered by comparing the source
language and target language. Baker in In Other Words 1992:5 classifies equivalence in translation into
five. The first is equivalence at word level, which explores are the meaning of a single word or expressions. The second is equivalence above word level, which
explores the meaning of combination of words and phrases. The third is grammatical equivalence, which deals with grammatical categories such as
number and gender. The fourth is textual equivalence, which explores the meaning of the textual level of language. The last is pragmatic equivalence, which
looks at how texts are used in communicative situations that involved variables such as writers, readers, and cultural context.
Meanwhile, Bell 1991:6 says that a text in a different language can be equivalent in different degrees. Bell divides the degrees equivalence into
equivalent meaning which consists of fully equivalent and partly equivalent, and non equivalent meaning which consists of different meaning and no meaning.
4. About Negeri 5 Menara
Negeri 5 Menara is written by Ahmad Fuadi. It is first book of trilogy Negeri 5 Menara. A. Fuadi was born in West Sumatera and went to Java to obey
his mother’s order to enter an Islamic boarding school. After graduated from the
