the translation involves two languages, Bahasa Indonesia and English, it is considered to interlingual translation.
c. Process of Translation
The process of translation had been explained by Nida and Taber 1982:33. They state that translation consists of three steps. Those processes are
explained as follows. 1
Analysis. This process is analyzing the terms of grammatical relationship, the meaning and combination of the words.
2 Transfer. In this step the analyzed material is transferred in mind of translator
from one language to other language. 3
Restructuring. The transferred material is restructured to make sure that the message fully acceptable in the target reader of the translation product.
For further information, Nida and Taber make a diagram of translation process.
A source B receptor
Analysis Restructuring
X transfer
Y
Figure 1. Translation Process by Nida and Taber 1982:33
Based on that diagram, it is known that a translator has a text which must be translated, so that the translator should analyze the text. In this process the
translator builds up description of language and gradually understands how people
use the language in social communication. It also can be considered with the dynamic process of translation in the discourse, and rhetorical structures encoded
in the source language can be restructured in the target language. Then, the translator makes sure for the appropriate syntax and lexicon. A good translation
indicates that the translator had been able to reconstruct the rhetorical structures of the source language in the target language.
In analysis process, the translator finds the breaks down the texts into translatable elements. Then, the translator transfers into suitable terms in the
target text. In this research, that process is called as transfer process. The next process is restructuring. In this step, the translator restructures all elements of the
text from the source language to the target language to result the translation product.
d. Techniques of Translation
In translation, there are several familiar terms such as method, procedure and technique. However those terms are often confusing. Molina and Albir 2002
state that translation method is an option that has been chosen by the translator to carry out the translation project. They also define translation techniques as
procedures used to analyze and classify how translation equivalence works. In line with Molina and Albir, Vinay and Darbelnet state that translation procedure is
actually same as translation technique. There are ten translation techniques according Fernandes 2006. They are explained below.
1 Rendition
When the proper noun in the ST is enmeshed in the TT, the meaning is rendered in the TT. Below is the example of rendition.
ST : Tuhan tambahkan ilmu kami . . . TT: Lord, add to our knowledge . . .
The translator translates the word “Tuhan” as “Lord” which is a synonym of
God. 2
Copy Copy is when the proper noun in the ST is reproduced in the TT without any
change. The example of copy is shown below.
ST : Amak dan Ayah mungkin sedang tidak punya uang. TT: Maybe Amak
and Father didn’t have enough money right now. In that sentence,
“Amak” means “mother”, but the translator does not change it into
“mother” or the other synonyms. The translator just copies it in the TT.
3 Transcription
It is a method that a word, for example a name, is transcribed in the equivalent characters of the TL to keep the readability of the TT. Here is the
example of transcription.
ST : . . . ke PM bulan Syawal depan. TT: . . . to MP next month in Shawwal.
In that sentence, “Syawal”, one of the names of month in Islamic calendar system,
is translated into “Shawwal”. The translator transcripts the symbol
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