2. to identify the techniques that are used by the translator in translating
the proper nouns in novel Negeri 5 Menara, and 3.
to describe the degree of the meaning equivalence of the translation of the proper nouns in the novel Negeri 5 Menara.
D. Significances of the Research
The significances of this research are as follows. 1.
Theoretical Significance
This research is expected to give knowledge and understanding in translating proper nouns from Bahasa Indonesia to English or vice
versa.
2.
Practical Significance
This research is also expected to be used as additional references for English Department students whose interest in translation.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
There are three points in this chapter. The first point is the literature review explaining the relevant theories of this research. The second point is the
conceptual framework describing briefly the concept of the research conducted. The last point is analytical construct that is presented through a diagram to show
the researcher’s framework.
A. Theoretical Review
The four topics which become the umbrella in this study are translation, proper nouns, meaning equivalence, and about Negeri 5 Menara. Each topic is
discussed in this chapter.
1. Translation
In this point, the explanation about translation will be divided into four sections. Those are definitions of translation, types of translation, process of
translation, and techniques of translation.
a. Definitions of Translation
Translation is basically an activity change text from source language into target language. Some scholars had defined what translation is. Catford 1965:20
defines translation as the replacement of textual materials in one language SL by equivalent textual materials in another language TL. In line with Catford,
Newmark 1988:5 also defines translation as rendering the meaning of a text into
another language in the way that the author intended the text. Those definitions focus on the terms equivalent the textual material and the difference of language.
Other scholars who define translation are Nida and Taber 1982:12. They define translation as the process of reproducing a natural equivalent meaning from
the source language SL to target language TL firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. From this point, it can be assumed that meaning is
above anything, because the meaning is mentioned first. Then the translator can deal with the style. Thus, translator is supposed to preserve the result as natural as
possible. From those definitions, it can be concluded that translation is transferring
the message or idea from the source language SL into target language TL. In translation the first priority is the meaning then the style is the second one. To get
meaning equivalent the translator might deliver the meaning first and change the style.
Moreover, translation can be viewed from two points of view. First view is translation as a process and the second view is translation as a product. The
definitions above show that translation is a process or an activity. Translation as a product is the result of the process.
Readers just see the “result” of the practice by a translator, not the practice itself Machali, 2009. In this research, translation is
seen as a product because the researcher analyzes the translation of the proper nouns realized in the
English version of Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara.
