b. Types of Translation
According to Larson 1984:15 there are two types of translation. They are form-based translation and meaning-based translation. Form-based translation is a
translation type that the target language TL follows the form of the source language SL. This is also known as literal translation. While meaning-based
translation or idiomatic translation is a translation type that communicates the meaning of the source language SL text in the natural forms of the target
language TL. On the other hand, there are three categories of translation described by
Jakobson in Bassnett 2002:23. He categorizes translation into three types. They are intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic.
1 Intralingual translation
This type is the translation of a text from the same language. For example an English novel is translated into English.
2 Interlingual translation
In this type the translator translates into other language, the example is Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling that translated into many languages.
3 Intersemiotic translation
This type means the translator must translates from non-written works to written work or the opposite. The example is no smoking sign is translated
into a symbol of crossed cigarette. This research uses interlingual translation because the data sources are
taken from Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara and it translation by Angie Kilbane. Since
the translation involves two languages, Bahasa Indonesia and English, it is considered to interlingual translation.
c. Process of Translation
The process of translation had been explained by Nida and Taber 1982:33. They state that translation consists of three steps. Those processes are
explained as follows. 1
Analysis. This process is analyzing the terms of grammatical relationship, the meaning and combination of the words.
2 Transfer. In this step the analyzed material is transferred in mind of translator
from one language to other language. 3
Restructuring. The transferred material is restructured to make sure that the message fully acceptable in the target reader of the translation product.
For further information, Nida and Taber make a diagram of translation process.
A source B receptor
Analysis Restructuring
X transfer
Y
Figure 1. Translation Process by Nida and Taber 1982:33
Based on that diagram, it is known that a translator has a text which must be translated, so that the translator should analyze the text. In this process the
translator builds up description of language and gradually understands how people
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