117 In conclusion, the iconic model of the Communication Practice was in
form of book fold. There were fifteen topics or units and seven tests in the iconic model. Each unit provided three main activities for students to practice. There
were three main activities in the Communication Practice Model which included Let’s Keep in Touch, Let’s Be Open-Minded, and Let’s Practice. The activities
were simple and easy since the materials were familiar and related to daily life context. Thus, the Communication Practice Model was so practical because it was
easy to bring and practice.
3. Implementing and Evaluating Communication Practice Model
After validation from the experts, the iconic model was implemented. The implementation was for three units. Implementation also belonged to fourth
step of ADDIE. The implementation was conducted in four classes or study programs which were X Accounting, X Management, X Automotive, and X
Broadcasting. The schedule is presented as follows.
Table 4.14 Implementation schedule
TOPICS X Accounting
X Automotive X
Management X
Broadcasting
Invitations 24 March 2015
25 March 2015
25 March 2015
27 March 2015
Directions
31 March 2015 1April 2015
1 April 2015
10 April 2015
Job Interview
7 April 2015 8
April 2015 8
April 2015 17
April 2015
The researcher implemented three units for each class. Each unit spent one meeting. Students practiced about invitations, directions, and job interview.
Interview and conversation were practiced during the implementation of the
118 Communication Practice Model. After implementing, the questionnaires were
distributed to gain students’ opinion related to the Communication Practice Model on 21
st
of April 2015 as a part of evaluating. The participants for the questionnaire of the practice of the iconic model were forty students from four study programs.
The participants should answer twenty items of closed questions and five items of open questions. The closed questions referred to questions 1-20. For
closed questions, students should choose five options that were strongly agree SA, agree A, Doubt D, disagree DA, and strongly disagree SDA.
Choosing strongly agree SA had point of agreement which was 5. Choosing agree A had 4 points. Choosing doubt D would get 3 as the point of agreement
and choosing disagree DA would get 2 as the point of agreement. Besides, choosing strongly disagree SDA would get 1 point. Therefore, the meaning of
score criteria can be presented as follows.
Table 4.15 Meaning of score criteria
Formula Score Range
Criteria
Mi + 1.5 SDi = 3 + 1.5 x 0.6= 3.9 Mi + 0.5 SDi = 3 + 0.5 x 0.6= 3.3
Mi – 0.5 SDi = 3 – 0.5 x 0.6= 2.7
Mi – 1.5 SDi = 3 – 1.5 x 0.6= 2.1
4 Very HighVery Good
3.4 – 3.9
HighGood 2.8
– 3.3 Fair
2.2 – 2.7
Low .
Poor
In addition, t he questionnaire result about the students’ perception on the
practice of the iconic model of the Communication Practice Model can be presented as follows.
119
Table 4.16 Questionnaire result of iconic model
No Statements
Central Tendency
Interpretatio n
N M
1 The topics in the Communication Practice Model are
interesting to me. 40
4.60 Very high
2 The instructions in the Communication Practice Model are
easy to follow. 40
4.40 Very high
3 The types of activities in the Communication Practice
Model are varied enough. 40
4.30 Very high
4 The activities in the Communication Practice Model
stimulate my learning. 40
3.90 High
5 The materials in the Communication Practice Model are
appropriate enough for students of Vocational High School Grade Ten.
40 4.60
Very high 6
The module of Communication Practice model is well- designed enough.
40 4.50
Very high 7
The module of Communication Practice model is easy to bring.
40 4.75
Very high 8
The module of Communication Practice model is easy to practice.
40 4.40
Very high 9
The module of Communication Practice model is effective to use.
40 4.33
Very high 10
The module of Communication Practice model is interesting enough.
40 4.30
Very high 11
The module of Communication Practice model provides activities that invite me to practice communicating in
English. 40
4.65 Very high
12 The module of Communication Practice model provides
materials that are supporting to practice communicating in English.
40 4.60
Very high 13
The module of Communication Practice model is effective to facilitate me to practice communicating in English.
40 4.65
Very high 14
The module of Communication Practice model is effective to help me learn to communicate using English fluently.
40 4.35
Very high 15
The module of Communication Practice model is effective to improve my ability to communicate using English
fluently. 40
4.40 Very high
16 I have more interaction using English with other students
when using Communication Practice Model. 40
3.93 High
17 I have more interaction using English with my teacher when
using Communication Practice Model. 40
3.93 High
18 The module of Communication Practice Model allows me to
discuss more with other students 40
4.40 Very high
19 The module of Communication Practice Model will improve
my performance to communicate in English. 40
4.25 Very high
20 The module of Communication Practice Model allows me to
cooperate more with other students. 40
4.63 Very high
In conclusion, table 4.16 presents mean of each item. Choosing strongly agree SA had point of agreement which was 5. Choosing agree A had 4 as the
point of agreement. Choosing doubt D would get 3 as the point of agreement
120 and choosing disagree DA would get 2 as the point of agreement. Besides,
choosing strongly disagree SDA would get 1 point. Thus, table 4.16 shows the mean of each item which started from point 3.93 into 4.75. Thus, it was found out
that the average point of the central tendency was 4.39 from the scale 5.0. The average point of the central tendency, 4.39, was found out by counting all of
means from each item and then divided by total items. Since the average point of the central tendency was 4.39
, it belonged to range ≥ 4 which meant that Communication Practice Model was very high. Communication Practice Model
was indicated as very good so for students of tenth grade in vocational high school.
In addition, the students also gave comments and suggestions by answering five questions of open questions. After interpreting, the student
s’ opinion can be summarized into five points. Firstly, most students said that the
Communication Practice Model was easy to be used and brought. Communication Practice Model was interesting and helpful. It helped students in learning how to
communicate. It was also easy to understand because the materials were designed simply. Thus, Communication Practice Model was simple and practical module.
Secondly, the Communication Practice Model gave some benefits for students. It gave opportunities for students to practice. It was easy to be understood so
students could learn communicating better and faster. It was easy to practice. It helped students interact, discuss and cooperate with other students. Thirdly, most
students said that the Communication Practice Model was effective to help them communicating in English because the Communication Practice Model allowed
121 students to practice regularly. Besides, it was so easy to practice. The activities
were easy to practice so students could be familiar in communicating. The Communication Practice Model promoted students to have discussion with other
students so communication indirectly occurred. Fourthly, most students said that the Communication Practice Model was easy. However, sometimes, they found
difficulties when they did not understand about the meaning of sentences or when they found new words or vocabularies. They should open dictionary when they
did not know the meaning of the word. Fifthly, the students gave some suggestions to improve the Communication Practice Model. The researcher
should add more pictures or photo and use colourful pages. They suggested adding more materials, more topics and interesting activities. The Communication
Practice Model should be practiced continually so that students would be familiar to communicate in English. The Communication Practice Model should provide
vocabulary so students would be easier to understand difficult words. The researcher should give more explanation to avoid misunderstanding.
In conclusion, the participants gave positive responses to the iconic model which was the Communication Practice Model. Students thought that the
Communication Practice Model was easy to practice so it could be practiced continually to train students in communicating. The Communication Practice
Model was simple and practical module so it would be helpful for students in practicing. Practicing continually would create habit that would enable students to
communicate using English fluently. Besides, the Communication Practice Model encouraged students to have discussion and interaction with other students so it
122 would help communication exist. Students’ suggestions on the Communication
Practice Model would be used in developing and improving this model in the future.
On the other side, the researcher also conducted interview in order to gain more explanation related to the Communication Practice Model. By
interviewing, the researcher expected to obtain information that had not been gathered through questionnaire. The participants of the questionnaire were ten
students from four study programs. The researcher chose them randomly. The interview was conducted by the researcher in order to gain more
information that could not be gathered through distributing questionnaires. The participants were interviewed on 22
nd
of April 2015. The interview used open type of questions so the students as the participants could answer and share their
opinion freely. From the data that was gathered, the students’ responses and opinion could be interpreted into som
e important points. The students’ opinion can be concluded as:
a. All students 100 stated that the Communication Practice Model could be
applied for students of the vocational high schools in grade ten. There were some reasons why the Communication Practice Model could be used. The first
reason was that the Communication Practice Model was not difficult to be understood by tenth grade students of the vocational high schools. The second
reason was that the Communication Practice Model was simple and it used easy language. The third reason was the module had content which was more
practical and effective because it was understandable. The fourth reason was
123 the content and the topics were suitable for students of the vocational high
schools in grade ten. It is supported by students ’ statements:
“Yes, it can because it is understandable…eh…easy to learn and the language is not really difficult.
” StudentI3-Appendix 3E
“Yes, because the content is more practical, more effective and easy to be understood by students of vocational high school. Yes, grade ten.
” StudentI4- Appendix 3E
b. All students 100 felt happy in utilizing the module of the Communication
Practice Model. Since it was not really difficult, students could always practice. There were also many pictures, examples and practices that were interesting so
they were interested to learn. The content was not confusing and the complicated materials could be simplified in the Communication Practice
Model. Besides, the module was simple so it could be brought everywhere. It is supported by students’ statements:
“I am satisfied, because there are pictures and explanation” StudentI1- Appendix 3E
“I am so happy because the materials that may be very complicated can be simplified in that book.
” StudentI2-Appendix 3E
c. Nine students 90 said that the Communication Practice Model was easy and
one student 10 said that the module was easy enough. The Communication Practice Model provided many examples and used simple language so it was
easy for students. There was also explanation that was clear so students could understand better. The explanation and materials used language that was
familiar enough for students. It is supported by students’ statements:
124 “It is easy in learning and it is easy to understood, the language is not really
difficult. ” StudentI3-Appendix 3E
“Yes, it is because there is instruction or explanation.” StudentI5-Appendix 3E
“In my opinion, it is easy enough and students can also more understand…can understand more easily b
ecause there are many examples…The languages is also easy to understand.
” StudentI2-Appendix 3E
d. All students said that the Communication Practice Model was effective to help
them practice communicating. By using the module, students could learn by doing or practicing. Students could try to communicate when they were using
the module. Students had chance for asking-answering questions and practicing. The module presented dialogues, conversation, materials and
activities that promoted students to practice communicating. Thus, the Communication Practice Model was effective in helping students practice
communicating. It is supported by students’ statements:
“Yes, it is effective because there are conversations that train us to communicate.
” StudentI4-Appendix 3E “Yes, because it trains students to speak through its materials and activities.”
StudentI10-Appendix 3E
e. Eight students 80 said that the Communication Practice Model was
effective to improve their ability to communicate in English. The Communication Practice Model improved
students’ ability to communicate because students were facilitated to practice. The Communication Practice
Model provided materials and activities that could invite students to practice communicating and interacting with others students. Dialogues and
125 conversation helped students in practicing. The Communication Practice
Model allowed students to keep on practicing. There was a student who became more confident to speak English because the student had been common
to practice using the Communication Practice Model. Two 20 students said that the Communication Practice Model was little bit effective because their
ability did not improve too much and they had not communicated fluently yet. Their communication had not been fluent yet.
It is supported by students’ statements:
“Yes, it is effective because there are dialogues in English so it can train English fluency.
” StudentsI5-Appendix 3E “Yes, just little bit because my ability doesn’t improve a lot yet.” StudentsI6-
Appendix 3E
f. All students 100 stated that the Communication Practice Model gave
opportunity to interact with other students. Activities in the module invited students to discuss and cooperate with other students. Many activities should
involve other people so interaction with other students could occur. Students also could ask other students if they got difficulties. Besides, many topics
involved other students. Thus, the Communication Practice Model let students interact with other students.
It is supported by students’ statements: “Yes, because we are practiced to speak with other people.” StudentI4-
Appendix 3E
“Yes, because there are many activities and topics that force us to communicate with friends.
” StudentI9-Appendix 3E
126 g.
Three students 30 did not find any difficulties in using the Communication Practice Model. Seven students 70 said that they found difficulties in
vocabulary and pronunciation. Some students said that sometimes they found some new words that they did not know the meaning and they were not
familiar with the words. Some students sometimes mispronounced words when practicing. The difficulty was also found when a student should work with
another student who did not really understand about English and was difficult to cooperate so the communication was rather difficult to happen. It is
supported by students’ statements: “Just a bit…the words that…that are difficult to pronounce, but I know the
meaning. ” StudentI1-Appendix 3E
“I did not find it.” StudentI3-Appendix 3E
h. However, all students 100 thought that the Communication Practice Model
was not difficult to be used. Since it was easy to learn and simple, students agreed that it was not difficult to use the module. The Communication Practice
English was easy to practice because students could learn easily. The language used was also familiar. Besides, there were clear explanation, instruction and
clear example, like conversation. Thus, it was easy to use The Communication Practice Model.
It is supported by students’ statements: “In my opinion, it is easy enough because the module is designed simply and
easy to understand. ” StudentI2-Appendix 3E
“It is not difficult because everything is provided. There is conversation, introducing topic...The language is not difficult. Yes because it is easy.
” StudentI4-Appendix 3E
127 i.
Nine students 90 explained that activities in The Communication Practice Model were not difficult to practice. There were many examples of
conversation or materials so students did not find difficulties in doing activities of the Communication Practice Model. Besides, they could work together or
cooperate with other students. Students could discuss with other students and the teacher when they did not understand. They did not work alone. Moreover,
the Communication Practice Model provided explanation in every activity. Thus, activities in the Communication Practice Model were easy to practice.
However, a student 10 assumed that the practice was difficult if the teacher did not help and guide students. It is supported by students’ statements:
“No...It is not difficult because there is explanation in the book so it is not really difficult.
” StudentI3-Appendix 3E “Eh...little bit...sometimes…eh...if we are not guided in implementing. Yes, the
practice is difficult. ” StudentI4-Appendix 3E
j. Seven students 70 stated that they were not confused in using the
Communication Practice Model. Students could be guided by teacher when they found difficulty. The Communication Practice Model had also clear
explanation and provided many examples. The explanation used language that could be understood by students. Thus, students might not be confused in using
the Communication Practice Model. Three students 30 said that they were little bit confused when they did not know the meaning of new words or they
did not know the explanation well. besides, they felt confused when they got partners who could not cooperate with them.
It is supported by students’ statements:
128 “A bit. The practice is not really difficult but the confusion is on a friend or
partner who practices with us. ” StudentI1-Appendix 3E
“No…because the language is easy to understand and we are guided by the teacher.
” StudentI4-Appendix 3E Dealing with the experts’ validation and students’ responses on the
practice of the iconic model, the interview results supported that the Communication Practice Model was very good model so that it could be
implemented in vocational high school for tenth grade students. The Communication Practice Model also gave benefits for students which are giving
opportunity to practice, encouraging students to have interaction, inviting students to discuss and improving self confidence by practicing continually. The
Communication Practice Model provided materials and activities that allowed students to practice. Consequently, students would be common to practice and
they might be able to communicate. Therefore, the Communication Practice Model indicated as an acceptable model.
In conclusion, the Communication Practice Model was suitable for students of vocational high school in grade ten. The Communication Practice
Model was easy because it had clear explanation, instruction and clear examples so students could learn and practice. The activities were also easy to practice and
let students interact with other students. Students could practice to communicate with other students since the Communication Practice Model gave opportunity to
cooperate and discuss. Students had opportunity to practice English because the activities in the Communication Practice Model promoted students to practice
communicating with other students.
129
C. THE DISCUSSIONS OF COMMUNICATION PRACTICE MODEL
The Communication Practice Model was related to the Fluency Development, the Communicative Language Teaching and the Contextual
Teaching Learning. Communication was important and should cover speaking, writing, listening and reading. Since communication dealt with the English skills,
the Fluency Development was utilized. Besides, the Communicative Language Teaching and the Contextual Teaching Learning were included because they were
connected to communication. In summary, the Communication Practice Model covered communicative activities which dealt with speaking, interacting with
other people inside and outside the classroom, practicing regularly and using real life situation. The focus was on practicing which could improve students’ ability
and students’ confidence to be able to communicate using English. Based on the results of experts’ validation, the Communication Practice
Model was considered as very good model so it was acceptable to be implemented.
The experts’ validation showed the average point of central tendency that was 4.10 from scale 5.0. It meant that there was no revision so the
Communication Practice Model was acceptable. The Communication Practice Model provided models or images or descriptions so students could have
prediction of what they were going to learn. The ease of the Communication Practice Model that was applicable to be practiced encouraged students to
communicate. Besides, the Communication Practice Model could be practiced