56 implementation and main product revision. However, for the iconic model, there
were four steps of ADDIE that were included. There were design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
a. Developing a Form of Product
Two previous steps were used as basis for developing product. It involved development of materials, activity and devices. The step of ADDIE
which was design belonged to developing a form product. After planning, the first product was designed here.
b. Preliminary Field of Testing
Experts’ validation was important in order to get feedback and suggestion to develop product before implementing. Questionnaires were
distributed for English teachers of vocational high school and lecturer of English studies. Thus, the third step of ADDIE which referred to development was
involved in this part. In this development step, the first product was developed into the main or final product.
c. Implementing
After validation from the experts, the final product was implemented. The implementation was for one-three units. Implementation also belonged to
fourth step of ADDIE.
d. Revising Main Product
It was the final revision of the final product. This revision was done if it was needed. In the ADDIE, it was called as evaluation. If it was necessary, the
57 final product would be evaluated and then revised so that the real product became
more effective and appropriate.
B. RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
This research divided research participants into two main groups. They were
conceptual and iconic model’s participants.
1. Participants of the Concept of the Iconic Model
For need analysis of the concept of the iconic model, three English teachers of Putratama Vocational High School were invited as the participants.
Besides, the participants for need analysis were tenth grade students of Putratama Vocational High School of 20142015 academic year. They came from four
programs which were Accounting, Management, Broadcasting and Automotive. The primary aim of this research
was to gain students’ need toward speaking and their need in communicating.
2. Participants of the Practice of the Iconic Model
The last participants were participants of the practice of the iconic model. In evaluating or in developing primary field testing
, experts’ validation was required. Thus, the participants of the evaluation were three English teachers of
Putratama Vocational High School and one lecturer of Business Communication Centre of Economic and Business Faculty in Gajah Mada University. Therefore,
three English teachers of Putratama Vocational High School and a lecturer of
