Table 3.3 The Participants of the Implementation Meeting
Participants Accounting
Marketing
Meeting 1 July 28, 2016
20 students July 29, 2016
19 students Meeting 2
August 4, 2016 20 students
August, 5 2016 17 students
D. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS
This research used three kinds of instruments namely document analysis, interview, and questionnaires. Further explanations are presented below.
1. Document Analysis
Document analysis was conducted in research and information collecting to gain any information on the needs of vocational high school students. It was a
need which data was document. The documents could be in the form of some materials such as photographs, videos, films, memos, letters, diaries, clinical case
records, and memorabilia Bogdan Biklen, 2003, p. 57. After analyzing the documents, the researcher proposed the assumed needs. The assumed needs were
the needs which were regarded as correct but not yet clarified empirically.
2. Interview
Interview was conducted in the research and information collecting to clarify the assumed needs empirically. It was also to discover needs which are not
really assumed. The interview was chosen since it enables the researcher to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
observe the interviewee as well as the situation. Ary et al. 2002 classifies interview into two types: structured and unstructured. The structured interview is
in the form of formal situation using inflexible guideline. Meanwhile, the unstructured one uses open-ended format which permits greater flexibility and
responsiveness p. 25. The researcher chooses to use unstructured interview since it permited greater responsiveness to gain more understanding on the needs.
Moreover, modifying questions in this kind of interview was also possible. The interview was conducted to three English teachers as participants.
3. Questionnaire
Questionnaire was used in the research and information collecting needs analysis, and also preliminary field testing and main field testing to validate the
product. Trochim 2006 says that a questionnaire tends to be an instrument which uses paper and pencil or pen in completing. Besides, Ary et.al 2002
mentions two types of questionnaires: closed questionnaire and open questionnaire. A closed questionnaire is a questionnaire which provides choices
of answers. This type enables participants to choose their best responses. On the other hand, an open questionnaire is a questionnaire which does not provide
choices of answers. It enables participants to express their opinions. This research used both types of questionnaires in order to give more accurate
information. The closed type was mainly used to clarify the appropriateness of the product. The participants chose their degree of agreement on the statements.
There are five degrees of agreement, those are strongly agree, agree, doubt, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
disagree, and strongly disagree. Meanwhile, the open type was mainly used to give more suggestions in the form of essay for the improvement of the product.
In this research, the questionnaire was used in three activities. The first questionnaire was distributed to some students under socio cultural divisions for
the needs analysis. The questionnaire aimed to clarify the students’ needs and to see if there were other needs needed to consider. It consisted of some information
related to the students’ wants, students’ constraints, and students’ initial competence. The students’ needs would be known by accommodating the
students’ wants minus constraints and competences. The questionnaire blueprint for the needs analysis is presented on the table below.
Table 3.4 The Questionnaire Blueprint of Needs Analysis
Closed Questions No
. Aspects
Purposes No Indicators
A. The Perception on the needs of Vocational High School students in
English learning
1.
Goal Vocational high
school aims to prepare students to
be ready-to-work graduates
Permendiknas No. 22 year 2006
To define learning
goals and kinds of
materials 1
The need of specific English related to their study programs
2 The need of English Materials
related to their future working field
3 The need English to communicate
with clients from other countries.
4 The need English to work in an
international company
2. English Skills
