This step included stating the general purposes, specifying the learning objectives, listing topics and determining sequences. The researcher used data obtained from
the previous step to determine the goals.
2. The Process of Developing the Development Product
In developing the development product, this study used the result of the two previous steps and continued with the next five major steps from Borg and
Gall 1983. They were developing the preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, and main product revision.
For the iconic model, there were four steps of ADDIE that were included. They were design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
a. Developing the Preliminary Form of Product
The product was developed in this step. According to Borg and Gall 1983 developing the form of product involves any procedures for evaluation and
its purpose is to structure the product to permit obtaining a lot of feedback as possible from the field test p. 779. The step of ADDIE which is Design is
conducted here. It involved the development of materials, activities and devices.
b. Preliminary field testing
This step was also known as expert validation. The third step of ADDIE which refered to Development was involved in this part.It was a step to get
feedbacks and suggestions to develop the product before it was implemented. According to Borg and Gall 1983 the purpose of the preliminary field testing is
to obtain an initial qualitative evaluation of the new education product p. 783. In this step, the researcher delivered questionnaires to gain evaluations, opinions,
comments, and suggestions from the experts. The questionnaires werein the form of open-ended and close-ended questionnaires. The results were used to revise and
improve the designed model.
c. Main Product Revision
The researcher then revised and improved the designed model based on the results of the preliminary field testing. It aimed to make a final version before the
designed model will be tried-out. According to Borg and Gall 1983, after the preliminary field testing, all the data are compiled and analyzed. Some additions,
omissions, or improvements might occur based on the respondents’ comments and suggestions.
d. Main Field Testing
The Implementation in ADDIE’s step was conducted here. This step aimed to implement the designed model to the target-users. It was also to improve the
model by gaining some feedbacks from the target-users. The model was tried-out to some socio-cultural classes.
e. Final Product Revision
