34
Data Source Text Target Text
II68 Suaranya berat selayaknya orang yang tertekan batinnya
.
Her voice was grave, normal for someone with a sinking heart
.
II69 Akhirnya, waktu habis karena telah
pukul sebelas lewat lima dan jumlah murid tak juga genap sepuluh.
Finally, time was up. It was already five after eleven and the total number
of students still did not equal ten.
II70 Semangat besarku untuk sekolah perlahan-lahan runtuh
. My overwhelming enthusiasm for
school dwindled away.
There are many data that the translator decides to applied the established equivalent technique as in the data number 69 which word “genap” is translated as
“equal” instead “exactly enough”. This technique in the translation of LP into TRT is applied in 53 numbers
2 26
46 75
95 117
130 146
185 3
29 62
77 98
120 131
158 186
21 30
68 82
107 123
132 171
190 22
34 69
84 109
127 135
176 191
23 40
70 85
112 128
136 177
196 25
41 74
88 115
129 141
182
4.1.2.8 Generalization
Generalization is to use a more general or neutral term. It is in opposition to particularization. In the translation of LP into TRT, this technique is applied twice
i.e. in data number 22 and 30: Data Source Text
Target Text II22 Lebih mudah menyerahkannya pada
tauke pasar pagi untuk menjadi tukang parut
atau pada juragan
pantai untuk menjadi kuli kopra agar dapat membantu ekonomi keluarga.
It would have been much easier to send me to work as a helper for a
Chinese grosery stall owner at the morning market, or to the coast to
work as a coolie to help ease the family’s financial burdens.
II30 Pagi ini mereka terpaksa berada di
sekolah ini untuk menghindarkan diri dari celaan aparat desa karena tak
menyekolahkan anak atau sebagai This morning they were forced to be
at this school, either to avoid reproach from government officials
for not sending their children to
Universitas Sumatera Utara
35 orang yang terjebak tuntutan zaman
baru, tuntutan memerdekakan anak dari buta huruf.
school, or to submit to modern demands to free their children from
illiteracy.
In data number 22, “tukang parut” is translated as “a helper” and “kuli kopra” is translated as “a coolie”. In data number 30, “aparat desa” is translated as
“government officials”. “Tukang parut” is one of helper’s works, because there are other works of helper
especially in a grosery. “Kuli kopra” is one kind of “coolie” because there are other kind of coolie such as kuli bangunan, kuli pelabuhan etc. “Aparat desa” is one of
“government officials” because “aparat desa” is titled for a government official in a village.
4.1.2.9 Linguistic Amplification
Linguistic Amplification is to add linguistic elements. It is in opposition to lingu istic compression.
Below, some examples:
Data Source Text
Target Text II7
Kosen pintu itu miring karena seluruh bangunan sudah doyong
seolah akan roboh. The door frame was crooked. The
entire school, in fact, leaned as if it would collapse at any moment.
II51
“Kita tunggu sampai pukul sebelas,” kata Pak Harfan pada Bu Mus dan
seluruh orangtua yang telah pasrah. “We will wait until eleven o’clock,”
Pak Harfan said to Bu Mus and the already hopeless parents.
II140 Energi yang berlebihan di tubuhnya
serta-merta menjalar padaku laksana tersengat listrik.
The over abundance of energy in his body spread over to mine, stinging
me like an electric shock.
Since linguistic amplification is the most dominant technique beside established equivalent, we could say that the translator tends to add linguistic elements in her
translation. Like in data number 7, the translator adds “at any moment”, in data
Universitas Sumatera Utara
36 number 51, the translator adds “will” and in data number 140, the translator adds
“stinging me”. This technique in the translation of LP into TRT is applied in 53 numbers:
7 22
43 76
110 122
144 166
185 9
26 45
78 111
130 145
168 187
15 32
51 89
112 132
157 171
188 17
35 61
90 113
134 158
173 193
20 38
66 95
114 140
159 174
196 21
39 75
99 118
142 161
183
4.1.2.10 Linguistic Compression
Linguistic compression is to synthesize linguistic element in the TT. It is in opposition to linguistic amplification.
Below, some examples:
Data Source Text
Target Text II5
Hari itu adalah hari yang agak penting: hari pertama masuk SD.
It was an important day: the first day of elementary school.
II19 Aku
cemas karena melihat Bu Mus yang resah dan karena beban
perasaan ayahku menjalar ke seluruh tubuhku.
Anxious because of the restless Bu Mus, and because the sensation of
my father’s burden spreading over my entire body.
II50 Kenyataan bahwa beliau hanya
memerlukan satu siswa lagi untuk memenuhi target itu
menyebabkan pidato ini akan menjadi sesuatu yang
menyakitkan hati. The fact that he only needed one
more student would make this speech even more painful to give.
In data number 5, the translator translates “hari yang agak penting” as “an important day” which a little bit change the meaning that if we translate back to the
source language, it will be “hari yang penting”. Also in data number 50, the translator doesn’t maintain the phrase “untuk memenuhi target itu” since without the
phrase, the meaning of the text is already clear.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
37 This technique in the translation of LP into TRT is applied in 28 numbers:
5 19
43 50
86 102
129 162
179 189
7 26
45 62
92 111
136 171
187 11
27 47
67 95
117 143
178 188
4.1.2.11 Literal Translation
Literal translation is to translate a word or an expression word for word. Below, some examples:
Data Source Text
Target Text II8
Di mulut pintu berdiri dua orang guru seperti para penyambut tamu
dalam perhelatan. In the doorway stood two teachers,
like hosts welcoming guests to a party.
II13 Ia berulang kali menghitung jumlah
anak-anak yang duduk di bangku panjang.
She kept counting the number of children sitting on the long benches,
II31
Aku mengenal para orangtua dan anak-anaknya yang duduk di
depanku. I knew all of the parents and children
sitting in front of me—
Some data is translated word for word i.e. in 15 numbers: 1
10 18
42 71
83 138
180 8
13 31
52 81
96 167
4.1.2.12 Modulation
Modulation is to change the point of view, focus or cognitive category in relation to the ST.
Below some examples:
Data Source Text
Target Text II28
Setiap wajah orangtua di depanku
mengesankan bahwa mereka tidak sedang duduk di bangku panjang itu,
karena pikiran mereka, seperti pikran ayahku, melayang-layang ke
pasar pagi atau ke keramba di tepian laut membayangkan anak
lelakinya lebih baik menjadi pesuruh
The face of each parent showed
that they weren’t really sitting on those long benches. Their thoughts,
like my father’s, were drifting off to the morning market as they imagined
their sons better off as workers.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
38 disana.
II165 Tapi pandangan ayahku menyuruh
mereka bungkam , membuat perut
mereka kaku.
One look from my father was enough to silence them
. II194
Buku bersampul biru itu bergaris tiga
.
It had a dark blue cover and was three lined
.
The change in the data is the change in the focus. As in the data number 28, in the source text, the focus of word “setiap” each is for word “wajah” face while in
the target text, the focus is for the word “parent”. This technique in the translation of LP into TRT is applied in 15 numbers:
24 33
61 124
139 162
170 194
28 44
63 133
160 165
183
4.1.2.13 Particularization
Particularization is to use a more precise or concrete term. It is in opposition to generalization. Particularization technique is only applied in data number 40.
Data Source Text Target Text
II40 Pertama, karena sekolah
Muhammadiyah tidak menetapkan iuran dalam bentuk apa pun, para
orangtua hanya menyumbang sukarela semampu mereka.
The first, Muhammadiyah Elementary
didn’t require any fees, and parents could contribute
whatever they could afford whenever they could do so.
Since particularization technique is in opposition to generalization technique, the technique the translator uses in translates “sekolah” as “elementary” is called
particularization technique because “sekolah” is the general term for “elementary”.
4.1.2.14 Reduction
Reduction is to suppres a ST information item in the TT. Below, some examples:
Data Source Text
Target Text II49
Maka diam-diam beliau telah mempersiapkan sebuah pidato
pembubaran sekolah di depan para orangtua murid pada kesempatan
so he secretly prepared a school closing speech.
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39
pagi ini. II79
Wajahnya tampak putus asa.
----------------------------------
II181 Tapi Borek bacanya Bore’, “e”- nya itu seperti membaca elang,
bukan seperti menyebut “e” pada kata edan, dan “k”-nya itu bukan
“k” penuh, Anda tentu paham maksud saya
dan Kucai didudukkan berdua bukan karena
mereka mirip tapi karena sama- sama susah diatur.
But Borek and Kucai were seated together not because they looked
alike, but because they were both difficult to control.
In the data number 49, the translator suppreses information from the source text by reduces “di depan para orangtua murid pada kesempatan pagi ini”. This decision
could be understood since a speech is read in front of a lot of people and from the previous information in the novel, the reader has already known that there are some
parents of children in that morning. Also in data number 79 that the translator reduces the sentence, there is information before in the novel that Pak Harfan is
looked devastated and both of them have a close meaning. Meanwhile, in data number 181, the information suppressed is about spelling. Since the spelling of
bahasa Indonesia and English is different, the translator’s decision to reduce that information could be understood.
This technique in the translation of LP into TRT is applied in data number 49, 79, 105, 118, 130, 165, 172, 181 and 184.
4.1.2.15 Transposition
Transposition is to change a grammatical category. This technique in the translation of LP into TRT is applied in 33 numbers; 12, 21, 37, 43, 72, 108, 170 and
195. And the grammatical categories that changed in the translation of LP into TRT are:
Data Source Text
Target Text GC Type
II12 Wajahnya tegang dan gerak-
Her face was tense and N - V
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
geriknya gelisah.
twitching nervously.
II21
Aku tahu beliau sedang gugup dan aku maklum bahwa tak
mudah bagi seorang pria berusia empat puluh tujuh
tahun, seorang buruh tambang yang beranak banyak dan
bergaji
kecil, untuk menyerahkan anak laki-
lakinya ke sekolah. I knew he was nervous, and I
was aware that it wasn’t easy for a 47 year old miner with a
lot of children and a small salary
to send his son to school.
V – N
II37 Kami bertetangga dan kami
adalah orang-orang Melayu Belitong dari sebuah
komunitas yang paling miskin di pulau itu.
We were neighbors, and we were Belitong Malays from
the poorest community on the island.
V – N
II43
Bu Mus yang semakin khawatir memancang
pandangannya
ke depan jalan raya di seberang lapangan
sekolah berharap kalau-kalau masih ada pendaftar baru.
Bu Mus, who was growing increasingly fretful, stared at
the main road, hoping there would still be another new
student. N – V
II72 Sahara menangis terisak-isak
mendekap
ibunya karena ia benar-benar ingin sekolah di
SD Muhammadiyah. Sahara sobbed in her mother’s
embrace
because she really wanted to go to
Muhammadiyah Eementary School.
V – N
II108 Bu Mus mendekati setiap
orangtua murid di bangku panjang tadi, berdialog
sebentar dengan ramah, dan mengabsen kami.
Bu Mus went up to each parent seated on the long
benches, striking up friendly conversations
with them before taking roll call.
V – N
II170 Melihat anaknya demikian bergairah ia tersenyum getir.
watching his son grow increasingly excited, with a
bittersweet smile. V – N
II195 Bukankah buku semacam itu
baru akan kami pakai nanti saat kelas dua untuk pelajaran
menulis rangkai indah? Wasn’t that the kind of book
we would use in second grade when we learned how to write
in cursive? N – V
The grammatical categories changes in the translation of LP into TRT are Noun to Verb 3 37.5 times and Verb to Noun 5 times 62.5.
4.2 Findings
