Literal Translation Modulation The Translation Techniques in the Translation of English Novel into

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4.1.1.9 Literal Translation

Literal translation is to translate a word or an expression word for word. Below, some examples: Data Source Text Target Text I2 My Name is Mia Velaz-Cruz, and I hate Mondays. Namaku Mia Velaz-Cruz, dan aku benci hari Senin. I147 There’s Sophie, who I like a lot. Ada Sophie, yang sangat kusukai. I186 I don’t normally brag about my mother’s job like that, but I didn’t know what to say to Sydney. Biasanya aku tak mengumbar-umbar pekerjaan ibuku seperti itu, tapi aku tak tahu harus mengatakan apa pada Sydney. This technique in the translation of MTM into MCG is applied in 96 numbers: 2 60 118 156 193 224 243 284 346 387 22 61 119 159 194 225 245 287 364 388 24 74 122 165 198 227 246 291 370 389 25 91 123 169 200 232 247 294 374 393 26 94 124 179 201 233 252 300 377 397 27 96 125 185 209 236 253 301 378 405 29 102 129 186 212 237 265 302 380 33 108 132 187 214 238 267 303 382 57 111 134 188 216 240 273 340 383 58 113 147 191 223 241 283 345 384

4.1.1.10 Modulation

Modulation is to change the point of view, focus or cognitive category in relation to the ST. Below, some examples: Data Source Text Target Text I6 My parents are divorced , and my mom and I moved out to a town in Orangtuaku bercerai , lalu aku dan Mom pindah ke sebuah kota kecil di Universitas Sumatera Utara 25 the suburbs, an hour outside the city. daerah pinggiran, satu jam dari Manhattan. I34 A little while after we formed the club , Principal LaCosta announced there was going to be a contest the day of the first school dance. Tak lama setelah Cupcake Club terbentuk , Kepala Sekolah LaCosta mengumumkan aka nada perlombaan pada hari pesta dansa sekolah. I309 It has weird flowery wallpaper , like something you’d find in an old lady’s house. Kertas dindingnya bemotif bunga- bunga yang aneh , seperti yang kau lihat di rumah nenek-nenek. The point of view that changed in the data number 6 is the changes of the sentence from passive into active. On the contrary, in data number 34, the change is from active into passive. Meanwhile the change in the data number 309 is the change in the focus of the sentence. In source text the focus is “it” that means the room. It means that the room has weird flowery wallpeaper, while in the target text; the focus is the wallpaper kertas dinding that has a weird flowery motif. This technique in the translation of MTM into MCG is applied in 23 numbers: 6 34 48 86 146 211 286 309 17 40 71 109 176 255 289 400 21 41 72 110 182 270 304

4.1.1.11 Reduction