1750s-Kampung Baluwarti 7. 1750s-Kampung Kauman

and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 196 Cohen, 1999: 155. City can be found either by organic or artificial patterns Kostof, 1991: 43. The structure of the city, as well as the organism, can most simply be identified as ‘skeleton’ street, railways, duct, etc., ‘meat’ buildings and ‘blood’ the activity of citizen Leitmann, 1999: 28. After genome had been discovered by Craig Venter Human Genome Project, 1998- 2004, the terminology of organism changed into: ‘whatever that used the resource of the world to recover or duplicate themselves’ Ridley, 2005: 6. According to this paradigm, cities even used the human and the environment resources to make them alive. The theory of genetics shows that there are four elements of organism to send and create the heredity Bateson, 1906: 1 the genetic material; 2 the genetic expression; 3 the genetic transmission; and 4 the genetic variation. Gene, the raw material of organism, like genome in human, has a specific character. It can be sent from generation to generation heredities to make them be duplicated and sustained. Accordingly, evolution, involution and mutation can be happened to an organism from time to time. The process of change of an organism is also known as morphology. Morphology in urban architecture, like in biology, is to identify the modification of form and structure for along period Rose, 1976: 1. Otherwise, morphology is the process of stand, rise and open to the environment Schulz, 1984: 117.

D. METHOD

The research was conducted by rationalistic inquiry. The rationalistic method focusing in the past was carried out by a- historical-study. The object of the research is the urban settlements which are growth in the last 500 years old and approached by benchmarking map. The method of the research was carried out by a-three-archive research strategy: primary files; secondary files and physical files. The primary files were collected from Javanese documentaries: parintah; undhang- undhang; pranatan; piyagem; kakancingan; etc. They were mostly found in the library of Kasunanan, Mangkunegaran and Radya Pustaka. The secondary files were collected from historian and researcher documents: Ricklefs; Houben; Lombard; Nas; Vorstensteden; Pakubuwono XII; Muljana; Notosusanto; Kartodirdjo; Sajid; Ngadijo; Ronald; Ikaputra; Adishakti etc. Besides, the physical files were collected by field surveys. Having collected those documents, the research was continued by analyzing these data. It is actually the most important process of