System of Religion, Religion Ceremony, Village Custom versus Development of Denpasar
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189 limitiations to the use of city spatial. The implementation of culture
value is: the traditional spatial pattern, social system, religious system, and customary village as well. Those are influencing to
not optimally capacity of Denpasar City so that those cause the trends of city development to urban fringe area, so culture value
pattern has presented the big influence to the use of land and development of urban extended area.
B. Recommendation 1. It is needed the study more accurately and deeply to analyze
the existence of culture values in the future so that the decision can be taken wisely and definitely as strategic step
in solving the city issue related to the culture value pattern of community.
2. It is needed to define the real steps to formulate strategies in developing areas more accurately, efficiency, integrate and
comprehensive before the areas growing uncontrolled by considering the aspect of Balinese community culture value in
land use of Denpasar city.
3. It is needed the legal aspect to keep the self conservation areas in Denpasar city so that those areas can not be
relocate or changed the use for other city activities. 4. It is needed to expand the new area out of the city to
anticipate the growth and development of Denpasar city. 5. It is needed to keep the current traditional rule of building
height limitation and development of underground as conservation to the Balinese traditional values and to strength
the identity and characteristic of Denpasar city. REFERENCES
Adhika, I Made. 1994. Peran Banjar dalam Penataan Komunitas, Studi Kasus Kota Denpasar. Bandung: Tesis Program S2
Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota ITB. Astika, Sudhana Ketut, dkk. 1986. Peranan Banjar pada
Masyarakat Bali. Denpasar: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi
Kebudayaan Daerah. Bappeda Tingkat I Bali dan Universitas Udayana. 1982.
Pengembangan Arsitektur
Tradisional Bali
untuk Keserasian Alam Lingkungan, Sikap Hidup, Tradisi dan
Teknologi. Denpasar: Bappeda Tingkat I Bali. Budihardjo, Eko. 1986. Architectural Conservation in Bali.
Yogyakarta: Penerbit Gajah Mada University Press.
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Part Four:
CITY AS A HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ECOSYSTEM
192
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AN ORGANISM NAMED SOLO THE CONCEPT OF CITY AS GENETICS
Qomarun
Student of Architecture Doctoral Program School of Postgraduate, Gadjah Mada University of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281 Lecturer of Architecture Department
Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Indonesia Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1, Kartasura, Surakarta 57102
Phone: 0271-717417 Ext 225; E-mail: qomarunums.ac.id
Arya Ronald
Lecturer of Architecture Doctoral Program School of Postgraduate, Gadjah Mada University of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281 Phone: 0274-580092; E-mail: aryaronaldugm.ac.id
Abstract
This study will explore the city of Solo as a human development ecosystem. The objective of the study is to find the
main element of Solo and to know its expression, transmission and variation. The study has focused in the urban growth for the
last 500 years old in Solo, one of the oldest towns in Java. The research was approached by a rationalistic inquiry. The
rationalistic research was carried out by a-three-archive strategy: primary files; secondary files and physical files. The primary files
referred to the old Javanese archives parintah, piyagem, undang-undang, pranatan, serat, kakancingan, gugat, penget.
The secondary files referred to the research documents historian, sociologist, geographer etc. While the physical files
referred to the field survey that was conducted by interviews and collecting the artefacts. The analysis was conducted by the theory
of genetics. The research found that the new organism named Solo was born in 1550s. In the early period, the merging activities
of the native people on along River Bengawan Solo and the government of Sultanate Pajang were the source of its entity,
while in the next period 1750s-1950s, the mixture activities of Mataram Surakarta Kingdom with the foreigner Dutch, Chinese
and Arab were the source of its growth, and afterwards in the latest period 1950s-2000s, the merging activities of the
government of Republic Indonesia and the province of Central Java were the source of its sustaining. Furthermore, the research
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194 found that the main element of city was coded by H, L and B. The
compound of those elements will provide a new substance coded D1, D2, D3, Dn. Afterwards; the new organism can be arisen by
merging those substances through T process. The variation of T process T1, T2, T3, Tn is the main identity of city as genetics.
City as an organism, has the same character as biological life as follows: birth, growth, sick, reproduction, dead etc. What, why and
how the city can be coded, identified and specified, this paper will explain it.
Keywords: Organism, City, Genetics, Ecosystem, Solo A. INTRODUCTION
Solo also known as Surakarta is originally an ancient city which grows into one of the modern cities in Indonesia while
maintaining its
cultural heritage
Qomarun, 2007:
6. Geographically, this town is located at 110 45’ 15” – 110
45’ 35” East and 0 70’ 36” – 0 70’ 56” South. Laid between the mountain Lawu and Merapi-Merbabu, Solo is a lowland area 92
meters above sea level. There are three main rivers in Solo: River Bengawan Solo, River Pepe and River Jenes see fig. 1-2.
Solo has 44 km square area and 552,542 citizens in 2005.
Solo as a human development ecosystem, has appeared and developed in the middle of Java since 1500s. Being one of
the oldest cities in Indonesia, it has an extraordinary of urban development and architecture. There were not only from
Javanese and the Dutch but also from Chinese and Arab. Solo, known as the spirit of Java, had become the one of the most
popular tourism cities in Indonesia. Having been specified as a- new-entity, a-growth-substance and a-spirit-material, Solo
actually had some characters of organism.
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Figure 3. The Artefacts of Solo in 2007 above
1
a
6 7
9 8
5 4
3
a
2
a
Notes: 1. 1500s-Kampung Laweyan