and Manifestation, Medan, 13
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November 2007
154
Figure 2. The Transformation of Chinese Classical City Planning in Era of The Surakarta Kingdom and Dutch Colonial. Analisis,2007
3. Culturestelsel 1830-1870
Culturestelsel as idea from Van den Bosch 1780-1844 M that goal to make Dutch can carries the big benefit from
tropics area Ricklefts,2005. Culturestelsel never have explicit description, but have simple principal. The simple principals are:
Java villages borrow land tax lend rent from Dutch government that calculation from 40 main land product. Van
des Bosch plan that every village save part of their land to export
and Manifestation, Medan, 13
th
- 14
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November 2007
155 commodity like coffee, sugar cane , and nila to sell to Duthc
Colonial with the clear price.
Although Culturestelsel not applied in Vostenlender Yogyakarta and Surakarta , but the policy affect to rivers
transportation , because part of the water loose from the river . The situation indirectly affects to change water transportation to
highway. Shiraishi, Takashi , 2005. Highways change waters transportation start to build together in all of the cities in Java. In
Surakarta land transportation also support by train path and station. Born of NIS and SS in north of Surakarta Chinesewijk
affect Dutch to made highway from the district. The highway dispends the Chinesewijk to be 2 districts. The center of the
Chinesewijk dispend 2 districts. The classical pattern of Chinese city has loose.
4. Born of The Big Market as Economic Support in Surakarta city 1893-1930.
Transformation from tanah lungguh land for lieutenant de Chinese for big market as support to economic development
in Surakarta changes concept of Chinese classical city to modern . Centre not to palace or government again but it changes to
market or economic support. The event simultaneously with the ethic era 1912-1924 that Dutch Colonial changes tanah lungguh
system to salary.
From the analysis before can be conclusion that transformation of Chinese Classical City Planning in Era of The
Surakarta Kingdom and Dutch Colonial was happened because of event:
a. Extension of linier axial of Surakarta Kingdom that crosses to
Chinesewijk. The situasion related to transformation of house face orientation
b. Changing of water transportation to highway. The situation loose the center of Chinesewijk.
c. Born of The big market in Surakarta. It was change center that place to palace or government to be economic support.
B. Bandung Chinese Quarter 1. Historical Background:
Bandung is the capital city of West Java province, about 180 km Southern from Jakarta, the capital city of Republic
Indonesia. Bandung had developed by Dutch Colonial Government in 1810 along with the development of the Great
Post Road, which passed Bandung. Alun-alun as the city center located at the South part of Great Post Road close to
Cikapundung River where the native people already live at the bank and surrounding area of Cikapundung River. The grid
pattern, which establish at the city center had divided land into
