Sustainable City Proceedings International Seminar The Knowledge City: Spirit, Character, and Manifestation

and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 299 defined as a city where achievements include social, economic and physical development are made to last and has a lasting supply of the natural resources on which its development depends, lasting security from environmental hazards which may threaten development achievement. While in Sweden sustainable city is defined as “one that puts in place action plans and policies that aim to ensure adequate resource availability and re- utilization, social comfort and equity and economic development and prosperity for future generations 5 . From those various definitions, it can be concluded that all of the concepts focus on three key-points of sustainable development such as economic needs, social needs and environmental needs for the recent generation without any burden for the future generations’ needs. Hence, one may approach the concept of sustainable city based on its characteristics as listed below:  Sustainable city tries to minimize urban sprawl,  material and energy input comes from renewable and recyclable sources e.g. agriculture, waste, renewable energy resources,  material output is kept to a minimal level solid waste, sewage, and air pollution,  Extensive recycling,  Minimize city’s ecological footprint i.e. the landnatural resources necessary to supply the city with raw materialsenergy and to ensure its implementation,  Holistic system development in policy development and decision making,  Integration of advanced environmental principles into decision making and preparation e.g. reduce, reuse, recycle, polluter pays principle, internalization of external costs, eco-efficiency in industrial production, from cradle to grave approach lifecycle analysis, environmental impact assessment, public participation in decision making, etc.,  Democratic society  Cooperation of different stakeholders in solving problems may include businesses, municipalnational governments, NGOs, universitiesresearch institutesthink thanks, etc. The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe.

3. Medan Sustainable City

The concept of sustainable city in Indonesia can be defined by generating the city development indicators, i.e. human 5 ibid and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 300 resources, social capital, nature and environment, and physical capital. The sustainable city development should be improved and monitored to evaluate the achievement of the city in the past and the city in the future. Unfortunately, those indicators are considered underdeveloped Rahmah, A., et al, 2001. From the local government’s website, it is stated that Medan local government have strategic planning for 2001-2005. It says that to realize the goals of urban developments the local government has formulated strategic planning which also gives orientation and commitment to the management of urban development. By doing so, it is expected that it will be possible to measure the performance of local government as the form of public accountability and service needs. This expectation has been integrated in the vision of Medan City as “Medan as a metropolitan city” characterized by its civil society, having good capacity of science and technology, religious beliefs and charity and environmental orientation.” Environmental-oriented means efforts of creating cleanliness, healthy, safeness, and neatness. It also means development for brighter future for the coming generation, the balance between development and environment caring capacity concerns, health comfort and safety, standardization for environmental impact, development which is relevant to social values, such as love and cares of nature, environment and culture 6 . Based on this description we conclude that Medan, from the environmental perspective, also has a concept of sustainable city like in other countries. However the city residents should support those vision and mission by developping their green behavior in order to achieve the three basic capabilities in supporting the concept, i.e. knowledge related to sustainable city, attitude toward sustainable city and participation to support sustainable city. Due to a very wide and numerous kinds of environmental issues, we would like to scope this study to one of the environmental behavior issues, namely green behavior. 4. Green Behavior Behavior refers to the actions or interactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to environment Wikipedia. In addition, the term is defined by many who study behavior, management, psychology, and education and culture. Behaviors may refer to feeling and emotion and aggression Rimm Masters, 1974. Behaviors may be in the form of unconditional situation reflexes or purposeful intention. 6 Medan Local Government Website http: www. pemkomedan.go.idmedan_visi_eng.php.