Sriwedari Park Proceedings International Seminar The Knowledge City: Spirit, Character, and Manifestation

and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 200 Mangkunegaran Ex-Territory Kasunanan Ex-Territories Figure 5. The Districts of Surakarta in 2000s Source: Reconstructed from www.surakarta.go.id , 2007 2. The Genetic Material of Solo According to Cohen 1999, the structure of the city is divided into 3 elements as follows: 1 human; 2 land; and 3 building. Otherwise, according to Leitmann 1999, the city can most simply be identified as ‘skeleton’ street, railways, duct, etc., ‘meat’ building and ‘blood’ the activity of citizen. Comparing both concepts of Cohen and Leitmann, they have a similarity as follows: human similar to ‘blood’; land similar to ‘skeleton’ and building similar to ‘meat’. Urban space has changed from time to time but it always has the same elements as follows: element of human H, element of land L and element of building B The sub-element of H in Solo, which has been explained in History of Solo above, can be identified as follows: Javanese, Dutch, Arab, and Chinese, in the early period 1550-1750. Afterwards, the sub-element of H was developed by Madurese, Sundanese, Minang and Banjarese in the next period 1750- 1945. On the other hand, some of the sub-element of H, which is being exist in the early period, has disappeared or decreased examples: Dutch and Arab in the last period 1945-now. However, the new sub-element of H, which is coming from the Indonesian, the foreign or the assimilation of both, has also appeared in Solo since in the year of the independent day. In the and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 201 meantime, the sub-element of B in Solo has developed to the house, palace, office, school, market, hotel, hospital, college, mall and the other building. Afterwards, the sub-element of L has changed from river, street, railway and airway. Besides, the urban utility has growth from the manual system until electrical and mechanical system. Like DNA deoxyribo-nucleic-acid in organism, HBL human-building-land is the main structure of the city. To know the substance of organism, scientist usually has a microscopic strategy, while the urbanist usually has a macroscopic strategy. The City as an organism can be identified by HBL structure as follows see fig. 6-8: Figure 6. The Main Element of Urban Space: H, B, L Photo Source: Mangkunegaran Archives, 2007 Figure 7. HBL: The Genetic Material of the City and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 202 Figure 8. The Same Place in the Different Time 1930s-2000s In The Urban Space of Solo Source: Mangkunegaran Archives, 2007 and Field Survey, 2007 Having identified to all of the sub-elements, the structure of city can be coded by adding 3 characters. For examples, the sub-elements of H are: H jav ; H dut ; H ara ; H chi ; etc. While the sub- elements of B are: B hou ; B pal ; B off ; B sch ; B mar ; etc. Afterwards, the sub-elements of L are: L riv ; L str ; L rai ; L air ; etc. According to this concept, the genetic material of Solo can be identified as HBL within their sub-element. Classification and specification of these elements is the key to identify the city as organism taxonomy.

3. The Genetic Expression of Solo

Like chromosome in organism, some of the HBL created a specific unit in the city, known as district. It usually appears within a specific expression in the city, for examples: central business district; urban settlement district; office park area; industrial park; government district; green area; agriculture area; etc. Similar to the system of organism, every district of the city shares its function accordingly. District, constructed by HBL, is always appearing in the city. Having identified to all of these and Manifestation, Medan, 13 th - 14 th November 2007 203 districts expression, the structure of city can be coded by: D 1 for CBD; D 2 for government area; D 3 for settlement area; D 4 for education area; D 5 for green area; D 6 for mixed use area; etc. District, as chromosome of the city, has a specific function to make the city process. Figure 7. District: The Genetic Expression of the City

4. The Genetic Transmission of Solo

The city as an organism physically can most simply be identified as a tree. Like the city, the tree can grow horizontally, vertically and interstitially. Otherwise, it always stands permanently above the land, as well as the city. Both of the city and the tree, they have almost the same process of standing, rising and opening morphology in the environment. City as an organism, like human, animal or plant, has a transmission system which is delivered from generation to generation. The element H, as the main factor of the transmission T process, is also depending on the resources of another element B and L. Through T process, city can be continued or even be duplicated to another place by the next generation which is using the resource of human H, building B and land L. T process is the most powerful of the meaning of the city as an organism, agreed with the last terminology of organism: ‘whatever that used the resource of the world to recover or duplicate themselves’. The T process will be including how to build, how to maintain, how to recover, how to sustain, etc., which is actually using the element of HBL in the city of Solo.