40 more information about the data needed from the teacher’s perspectives
effectively. In conducting the interview, the researcher took notes of the results of the interview.
2. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques of the Post-design Research
The researcher employed the evaluation questionnaire as the instrument for the preliminary field testing. The data were gathered by distributing the
evaluation questionnaire to a lecturer of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and two English teachers of SMP Negeri 1
Jogonalan Klaten. The questionnaire was in the form of closed-ended and open- ended questions. The closed-ended questions were used to assist the participants
in filling in the evaluation questionnaire since there were choices provided. Coher, Manion, and Marrison 2000 states that the open-ended questions were employed
to gain authenticity, richness, honest, and depth of responses to the designed materials p. 225. The participants answered every question by themselves.
Therefore, they could answer and give their opinions, comments, suggestions on the designed materials freely using their own words. The evaluation questionnaire
was used to obtain feedbacks, opinions, comments, and suggestions on the designed materials. The results of the evaluation would be used to revise and
improve the designed materials.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
There were two important points discussed in the data analysis
techniques.
They were participants’ needs and evaluation on the designed materials.
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1. Data Analysis Technique of the Pre-design Research
The participants’ needs were gained from the observation and interview. The results of the observation and interview were presented in the form of
description analysis. The results of the participant observations were analyzed descriptively where the researcher drew conclusions from the checklist used.
The data analysis technique from interviewing the English teacher of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten was by using thematic analysis approach.
Thematic analysis approach was used to code the results of the interview. The results of the interview were coded to enable categorisation-themes to emerge.
2. Data Analysis Techniques of the Post-design Research
In this step, the researcher gained the data about the evaluation of the designed materials to obtain opinions on the strengths and weaknesses, and the
suggestions on the designed materials. The evaluations of the designed materials were obtained from a lecturer of the English Education Study Program of Sanata
Dharma University and two English teachers of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten. The data were collected through questionnaire. The researcher employed two
types of questionnaire, namely closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires. Open-ended questionnaires were aimed to obtain the descriptive data about the
participants’ statements. In this questionnaire, the researcher provided four points of agreement to see respondents’ agreement on the statements given. The use of
four points of agreement was based and modified from Likert’s scale. The researcher decided not to use the ‘undecided’ term from Likert’s to avoid
ambiguity and unclear meaning of the ‘undecided’ term itself. Those points of
