36 In order to avoid misinterpretation and make more obvious explanation,
the researcher made the researcher’s model that was matched with the steps of R D cycle.
Figure 3.1 The Elaboration of R D Cycle and the Researcher’s Model
R D First Five Steps
Step 1 Research and Information
Collecting
Step 2 Planning
Step 3 Developing Preliminary
Form of Product
The Researcher’s Model
Step 1 Conducting Needs Analysis
Step 2 Formulating Goals, Listing
topics and Stating General Purposes
Step 3 Formulating Learning
Objectives
Step 6 Evaluating the Designed
Materials
Step 4 Listing Subject Content
Step 5 Selecting Teaching and
Learning Activities and Resources
Step 4 Preliminary Field Testing
Step 5 Main Product Revision
37
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten. It is located in Plawikan, Jogonalan, Klaten. Needs analysis was the first step
conducted in this research followed by the development of the materials and ended by reporting the research in written form. All of the steps were conducted
from August 2011 up to August 2012. The information collecting was done by conducting class observation and interviewing an English teacher whose duty is
teaching English toward the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan.
C. Research Participants
In this research, there were two groups of research participant. The first group was the participants involved in pre-design research and the second was the
participants of post-design research.
1. Participants of Pre-design Research
The pre-design research aimed to analyze the learners’ needs, interest, and difficulties in learning English grammar. The English teacher of SMP Negeri
1 Jogonalan was chosen to contribute the data for the needs analysis. The teacher was chosen because the teacher could give information about teaching learning
activities in classroom. In addition, the teacher was familiar with the school environment and students’ characteristics. Therefore, the researcher could obtain
information accurately. The researcher conducted an interview with the English teacher to gain the information needed. The teacher was asked for giving opinions
about the materials, method, and interesting activity in learning English. Besides,
