27 ascertains that the former explanation or information has been understood and
retained by them. 5 Generalization
General statements or states are organized to cover all grammatical features and examples of a certain type of form which are introduced in this
category.
c. Pekoz’s Teaching Grammar Stages
Pekoz 2008, as written in http:iteslj.orgTechniquesPekoz- Grammar.html, states that “teaching grammar has lagged behind the integration of
pre-, while-, and post- stages.” Those three stages are implemented to “provide integrated learning environment.” The elaboration of each stage is presented as
follows. 1 Pre-grammar Stage provides a reason for learning by bringing grammar
instruction to life, stimulating interest in the topic, and raising awareness. 2 While-grammar Stage uses contextual examples, pictures, and texts, it
facilitates the noticing of the new grammar point, and provide meaningful input. It involves the clarification of the meaning.
3 Post-grammar Stage provides the opportunity to put grammar in use and relate grammar instruction to real life situation. It focuses on the productive
aspect of the new structure.
B. Theoretical Framework
The use of group activities, as the teaching and learning techniques in
28 Communicative Language Teaching approach, gives some purposes for students.
Jaques 1984 states that group activities have two purposes for students. They are providing students the opportunity to engage in intellectual discourse, create
social relationship to allow students to communicate their thoughts, feelings, and measure their understanding by expressing and comparing it with their peers p.
70. Therefore, the researcher decides to implement it in the designed materials. Moreover, appropriate stages of teaching grammar are very important to
consider since the product of this research is applied in real class. Littlewood 1981 proposes two stages of language teaching in CLT approach namely pre-
communicative activities and communicative activities p. 86. The two of them train the learners the part-skills of communication to be acquired and to engage
the learners to practice the total skill of communication. Being more specific, the five stages of teaching grammar are identification, classification, systematization,
application, and generalization Peck, 1988, pp. 145-148. Those five stages are developed to provide systematically process in teaching grammar. They must be
taught in the mutual accord to the best result of teaching grammar. Moreover, Pekoz’s teaching grammar stage namely pre, while, and post grammar stages
focus on the teacher “to provide meaningful input through context and provide an opportunity to put grammar to use, and relate grammar instruction to real life
situation.” Those three theories of the stages of teaching grammar are combined to
create a proper step of teaching grammar in the designed materials. The researcher decides to use Pekoz’s teaching grammar stage as the basic theory. However, it is
