37
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten. It is located in Plawikan, Jogonalan, Klaten. Needs analysis was the first step
conducted in this research followed by the development of the materials and ended by reporting the research in written form. All of the steps were conducted
from August 2011 up to August 2012. The information collecting was done by conducting class observation and interviewing an English teacher whose duty is
teaching English toward the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan.
C. Research Participants
In this research, there were two groups of research participant. The first group was the participants involved in pre-design research and the second was the
participants of post-design research.
1. Participants of Pre-design Research
The pre-design research aimed to analyze the learners’ needs, interest, and difficulties in learning English grammar. The English teacher of SMP Negeri
1 Jogonalan was chosen to contribute the data for the needs analysis. The teacher was chosen because the teacher could give information about teaching learning
activities in classroom. In addition, the teacher was familiar with the school environment and students’ characteristics. Therefore, the researcher could obtain
information accurately. The researcher conducted an interview with the English teacher to gain the information needed. The teacher was asked for giving opinions
about the materials, method, and interesting activity in learning English. Besides,
38 class observation during the teaching-learning process was also conducted in
order to know the real condition in the classroom. During the class observation, the researcher observed the students’ characteristics and motivation in learning
English.
2. Participants of Post-design Research
The participants of post-design research were two English teachers of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten and a lecturer of the English Education Study
Program of Sanata Dharma University. The teachers were chosen because they have sufficient experiences in teaching English to junior high school. A lecturer
was asked for the lecturer was competent and qualified to be one of the evaluators. They evaluated the designed materials and gave suggestions and comments to the
researcher. It was very useful for the researcher to revise the designed materials so the final version would be much more improved.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
The instruments and data gathering techniques of this study were divided into two parts. They were as follows.
1. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques of the Pre-design Research
There were two instruments employed in this research and information collecting step. They were as follows.
a. Observation Checklist
Observation checklist was one of the instruments employed by the researcher to gather the data. The researcher conducted observation to find out
39 learning and teaching situation, media, and methods used by the teacher in
learning English inside the class. Moreover, the observation aimed to identify the students’ characteristics, such as the way they react, perceive, and assess, by
understanding better the students’ academic factors, their social interaction, learning conditions, level of English, and learning style. The observation was
conducted by visiting class VIII D during the process of teaching learning English. The researcher observed the class activity and made the thick mark at the
observation checklist for each item which was observed. While doing the observation, the researcher also took notes of necessary information.
b. Interview Guide
As defined by Ary et al. 1979, an interview is a way of people’s feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and opinions by asking them some questions related to
the topic being investigated p. 434. Moreover, Ary et al. 1979 state that there are two types of interview, structured and unstructured interviews p. 175.
Structured interview is the interview in which all the questions have been prepared and printed in. It is usually held in formal situation. Besides,
unstructured interview is more informal and more similar to common conversation. In this research, the researcher used unstructured interview to obtain
the additional information for the needs analysis. Nonetheless, the interview guide which consists of some questions to obtain information on learners’ background
knowledge, characteristics, lacks, needs, and interests were still used. It was employed to avoid the useless questions which could be found from the
observation. Through unstructured interview, the researcher could gain much
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