11 specific grammar items related with narrative and recount text correctly in order
to create meaningful and understandable writing composition.
4. Group Activities
Jaques 1984 defines group as “a collection of people in which the members influence and respond to each other in the process of communicating p.
13.” In relation to this research, the researcher defines group activities as activities which are done by a group of students in order to respond to and interact
with others in reaching the goals of the learning process. The activities in this research are activities in which students do the given exercises about grammar to
write a composition.
5. The Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten
The eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten are those who are in the second year of their study. Their school is located in Plawikan,
Jogonalan, Klaten. The school was built on January 16th, 1965. This school has implemented KTSP. The eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten
are in the range of thirteen to fourteen years old. They are categorized as adolescent in the transition period Mahmud, 1990, p. 42. In this period, they are
in the development of physical, social, and cognitive aspects. Therefore, this research is expected to support the development of the students. The eighth grade
students are students of SMP Negeri 1 Jogonalan who take English lesson as a compulsory subject. English is delivered to them three meetings per week with
two lessons time spent for each meeting.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents a discussion of the theories as the foundation of this research. The discussion is divided into two major parts namely theoretical
description and theoretical framework. The theoretical description discusses the theories and related literature which contribute knowledge as the basis to conduct
this research. The second part, theoretical framework, clarifies the theories that the researcher employs in designing the materials.
A. Theoretical Description
This section elaborates several related literature employed in this research. They are instructional design models, grammar, group activities, and the stages of
teaching grammar.
1. The Instructional Design Models
There are some instructional design models for designing instructional teaching materials. However, this research employs two instructional models.
They are Kemp’s and Yalden’s models. Those theories are combined in order to design grammar instructional materials for the eighth grade students of SMP
Negeri 1 Jogonalan Klaten.
a. Kemp’s Instructional Design Model
Kemp’s model is the first model used in this research. Kemp’s model is characterized by three important questions Kemp, 1977, p. 8. The questions are
