Theory of Equivalence Review of Related Theories

d. Auxiliary Swearing, which can be used as an auxiliary, directed towards a person or a situation. Sometimes it is called lazy swearing and often or always non-emphatic. Example: This fucking…bloody. Pinker divides swearing into five types, which are, dysphemistic swearing, abusive swearing, idiomatic swearing, empathic swearing and cathartic swearing 2007: 66-91. Dysphemistic swearing is a type of swearing that is the opposite of euphemism. Abusive swearing is a type of swearing that is used to abuse, intimidate or to insult others. Idiomatic swearing is a type of swearing that is used in swearing without referring exactly to the problems. Empathic swearing is a type of swearing that has a function to emphasize something by swearing. Cathartic swearing, that is a type of swearing used when something unexpected or unwanted condition happens. Another definition of swear word is given by Liedlich . According to Liedlich , Swear word is the way someone uses obscene words orally to insult or to curse, or even to offend something someone or action, and also for emphasizing, when the person has strong emotion. 1973: 100 . Furthermore, Liedlich discusses about the principal purposes of verbal obscenity as follows: a. Creating Attention Using swear words in the society to create public attention. Swear words provide the most jolting and evocative stimulus to the society and it draws attention to itself as well as those who were using it. Although this may be a unique function of verbal obscenity, it is nevertheless its initial purpose Liedlich, 1973: 110. b. Discrediting Verbal obscenity expresses “A profound contempt for society‟s standards, a revolt against authority, and irreverence for things sacred” Liedlich, 1973: 110. Discredit can happen when people who use swear words to express their disbelief about many things in reality which they assumed were not suitable with public opinion. c. Provoking Violent Confrontation One of the function of verbal obscenity is provoking violent confrontation. Even though physical acts of violence, such as throwing bricks and bottles in the window can provoke violent acts, verbal obscenity is “ The most effective rhetorical method availa ble to agitators for inciting a violent response” Liedlich, 1973: 111. Some of the swear words contains this purpose when the speakers or the writers expects a certain response violent confrontations from the hearer or the reader. d. Term of Endearment This terms is a condition wh en somebody calls their friends‟ names or nicknames with swear word without causing anger, so they use the swear words not to insult, to curse, to mock, or to offend their friends, However, the swear words are used to make himher and hisher friend closer in relationship Liedlich, 1973: 111