41 propionate [2] and can improve the fermentation of carbohydrates, thus
increasing production of total VFA [6]. It might be that different results in rumen fermentation is due to the influence of the different treatment,
measurement total VFA from rumen fluid and the type of feed given to dairy cows.
Table 2. Influence different supplemental niacin levels on rumen
fermentation of dairy cows
Response Parameter
Unit N
Parameter estimates Model statistics
Intercept SE
Intercept Slope
SE Slope
P-value AIC
VFA Total mM
23 129.3
18.31 0.610
0.544 0.283
200.0 C2
16 63.7
2.16 -0.017 0.053
0.760 68.8
C3 16
21.3 1.83
0.021 0.043
0.638 63.6
C2C3 16
3.1 0.36
-0.003 0.007 0.731
18.1 C4
16 11.2
0.44 -0.002 0.023
0.950 40.5
NH
3
16 97.9
18.18 -0.324 1.056
0.766 150.6
VFA, volatile fatty acid; C2, acetate; C3, propionate; C2C3, acetate to propionate ratio; NH
3
, ammonia concentration; N, number of data; SE, standard error; AIC, Akaike information criterion.
4. References
[1] B.E. Brent, E. E. Bartley. 1984. Thiamin and niacin in the rumen. J.
Anim. Sci. 59: 813-822. [2] J.M. Campbell, M. R. Murphy, R. A. Christense, T. R. Overton. 1994.
Kinetics of niacin supplements in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 566-575.
[3] D. Sauvant, P. Schmidely, J.J. Daudin, N.R. St-Piere. 2008. Meta- analysis of experimental data in animal nutrition. J. Anim. 1: 1203-
1214. [4] N.R. St-Pierre. 2001. Integrating quantitative findings from multiple
studies using mixed model methodology. J. Dairy Sci. 84: 741-755. [5] S.M. Dennis, M.J. Arambel, E.E. Bartley, D.O. Riddell, A.D. Dayton.
1982. Effect of heated or unheated soybean meal with or without niacin on rumen protozoa. J. Dairy Sci. 65: 1643-1652.
[6] I.D. Niehoff, L. Huther, P. Lebzien. 2009. Niacin for dairy cattle. Brit. J. Nutr. 101: 5-19.
42
Influence of tannin concentration in ration on fermentation parameters of Rumen Simulation Technique RUSITEC: a
meta-analysis
Anuraga Jayanegara
1,
, M. Ridla
1
, Erika B. Laconi
1
, Nahrowi
1
1
Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Corresponding author: anuragajaapps.ipb.ac.id
Abstract
The objective of this study was to summarize and to quantify the effects of tannin on fermentation parameters of rumen simulation technique
RUSITEC through a meta-analysis approach. Experiments reporting tannin concentration and rumen fermentation using the RUSITEC system
were integrated into a database, and comprised of 6 studies and 25 treatments. Parameters recorded were nutrient digestibility, gas production,
methane CH
4
emission, short-chain fatty acid SCFA profiles, pH, ammonia NH
3
and microbial population bacteria and protozoa. The analysis of the data assembled in the database was based on mixed model
methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects whereas tannin concentration was treated as fixed effects. Results revealed
that in vitro crude protein digestibility CPD, neutral detergent fiber digestibility NDFD and acid detergent fiber digestibility ADFD
decreased linearly as the tannin concentration increased with the P-value of 0.047, 0.005 and 0.004, respectively. Comparing the magnitude of reduction
in CP and fiber digestibility by the influence of tannin, the compound appeared to cause higher negative effect on CP digestibility than that of fiber
as indicated by the slopes. However, the overall OMD did not significantly decrease although the slope remained negative. Methane emission tended
to decrease at higher tannin concentration when expressed per unit of substrate P=0.066 and significantly decreased when expressed per unit of
total gas produced P=0.005. It can be concluded that tannin is a potential compound for mitigating ruminal methane emission but its use on the other
hand also decrease nutrient digestibility. Keywords
tannin, rumen, fermentation, rusitec, meta-analysis
1. Introduction
Tannin is among plant secondary compounds produced by plants in their intermediary metabolism. It is polyphenolic compound with diverse
