175 venison has great potential to be marketed with low fat content
specifications, distinctive flavor and is believed to improve health, and stamina. Besides, the deer antlers, testicles, tails and others can be used as
an ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine and has the potential to be marketed locally and even export. Seeing this potential, deer farm has
interesting prospects to develop as a new commodity in the region of Borneo, Java, and Papua in the field of animal husbandry then be sought in
the direction of agribusiness and agro-industries even very possible to be developed in the direction of the development of agro-tourism as one of the
new attractions. 2. 2. A frame work for bio-resources management
It is needed to find the justification among conservation on biodiversity, local wisdom and agriculture aspect. The last aspect refers to the effort of
domesticating this endemic animal [1, 5]. Figure 1 presents a generic framework to assist in the planning of policies and interventions that
incorporate the ideas discussed in this paper. It can be used in helping to prepare specific local actions working from broadly stated strategic goals.
An essential feature of this framework is the adoption of a problem-centred stakeholder approach that incorporates early analysis of the perspectives
and economic interests of different stakeholders, and the representation of these interests in intervention design. The approach comprises three stages:
1 Analysing the system; 2 Developing a vision and plan for action; 3 Action planning, iteration and feedback.
176
Stage 1
Stage 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stage 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 1. A framework for preparing bio-resources management [2,3]
3. Concluding thoughts.
The use-values of biodiversity to local people, including the very poor, are often neglected. Understanding these, how they are accessed and by
whom is central to the design and implementation of interventions. Conservation and development strategies must move away from
simplistic assumptions that conservation and development are always mutually supportive. Where environmental change or conservation is
involved there will also always be winners and losers. Biodiversity management in developing countries is not something that
can be left solely to protected areas and high profile species as it has major implications for livelihoods more generally.
Prioritise nature of local problem to be addressed and need for intervention
Assess institutional policy context lessons from pastexperience
Analyse system linkage between
bioresources
and people
Identify relevant stakeholders and analyse their interest in environmental
change Asses impact of external and internal
shocks and stresses on the system
Examine nature causation of problems to be addressed
Identify options for intervention consider their impact on stakeholders the
environment
Build local capacity and systems for stakeholder representation
Develop methods for avoiding or mitigating problems and reconciling
interests
Determine required intervention in broad terms Plan and implement local actions based on local understanding and
indigenous knowledge literation
and feedback
loop
177
4. References
[1] R.I. Pujaningsih. 2009. Managing biodiversity towards bioregional management a case study on anoa conservation programs.
International Conference on Research for Development in Agriculture and Forestry, Food and Natural Resource Management. Department of
Biology, University of Hamburg. October 6 –8, 2009. The list of all
presented abstracts, four-page-versions and posters of Tropentag 2009. Available on http:www.tropentag.de.
[2] R.K. Patidar, S. Debashish, K.M. Singh, R.C. Shakywar. 2013. Biotechnological tools for conservation of bioresources. Inter. J. of
Agric. Envir and Biotechol: 62: 223-232.
[3] G. Robin, L. Martyn. 2002. Biodiversity Management and Local
Livelihoods: Rio Plus 10. The Overseas Development Institute, 111 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD, UK.
[4] FAO. 2003. National Report On Animal Genetic Resources Indonesia: A Strategic Policy Document. Rome.
[5] R.I. Pujaningsih, C.I. Sutrisno. 2011. Sustaining anoa Bubalus sp. as prospective meat resources by using feeding technology processing in
the ex situ area. ISSAAS The International Society for Southeast ASIAN Agricultural Scientist Indonesia Chapter. November, 7-10,
2011.
[6] G. Semiadi, B. Mannullang, J. Burton, A. Schreiber, A.H. Mustari, the IUCN SSC AsianWild Cattle Specialist Group. 2008. Bubalus
depressicornis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2.
[7] R.I. Pujaningsih, C.I. Sutrisno, Y. Supriondho. 2010. Study on Anoas feed form preference towards ex situ conservation and cultivation. J.of.
anim. Prod. UNSOED, volume 12 No 3 -September, 2010. pp. 150- 155.
178
Market integration analysis of sweetened condensed milk in Indonesia: do sweetened condensed milk prices follow the
prices of imported milk and sugar?
Venty F. Nurunisa
1,
, Bonar M. Sinaga
2
, Ratna Winandi A.
1
, Bernhard Brümmer
3
1
Department of Agribusiness, Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
3
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg August University, Germany
Corresponding author: venty.fitriany.nurunisagmail.com
Abstract
The recent escalation of Indonesias import dependence for milk and sugar is expected as one of the free trade implementation effect. The
condition is also affected by the increasing needs of these goods from the milk processing industry in Indonesia. Sweetened Condensed Milk SCM
production whose mainly consumed by the low income family is produced by using skim milk imported from New Zealand and refined sugar
imported from Thailand. This study examines the market integration between the SCM price and its ingredients; imported skim milk and sugar.
Monthly prices of SCM, imported skim milk, and imported refined sugar from January 2000 to July 2013 were used as sample data in analysing the
market integration analysis. The methods used were the Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen Cointegration test, Gregory and Hansen test, and
Vector Error Correction Model. The result indicates that: all variables are stationary in the first difference; together all variables are proven to be co-
integrated with structural break on year 2009. Further, the VECM results indicate evidence of integration in the long run. In the long run, SCM prices
are mostly influenced by the imported sugar prices. Changes in sugar prices give bigger magnitude than changes in milk prices. Every 1 increase in
imported sugar prices could decrease the SCM prices by 1.373. The result is strengthened by the loading vector coefficient of sugar price as the only
significant coefficient, which indicates the long run response to disequilibrium. Based on this situation, some recommended strategies to
minimize the price risks are: i concern the provision of companys budget buffer, ii search for the alternative milk and sugar suppliers and iii concern
the future trade system to be applied in the company. Keywords
sweetened condensed milk, sugar, market integration
