Material and Methods Objectives 1. To share lesson learned and best practices among alumni on bio-
57 to 1,5 x 10
6
cfu colony forming unit per gram plant tissue. The results showed that some isolates of endophytic bacteria are able to promote the
plant growth of rice. Table 1. Populations of root endophytic bacteria isolated from upland rice
the effect on plant growth and antibiosis activity against Rhizoctonia solani
Origin of isolate Variety of rice Population of
endophytic bacteria cfugr fresh root
Total of isolated
bacteria Numbers
of isolates with plant
growth Numbers of
isolates with antibosis on
R. solani Lebak Banten Gogo lebak l
1.3 x 10
3
– 6.7 x 10
4
14 2
3 Sukabumi
S.Patenggang l 2.6 x 10
3
– 8.7 x 10
5
21 5
3 West Java
Batutegi m 2.6 x 10
3
– 1.9 x 10
6
19 6
4 Limboto m
2.9 x 10
4
– 3.0 x 10
6
21 3
3 Wayroten l
2.0 x 10
3
– 8.0 x 10
4
18 2
2 Tawi l
1.1 x 10
4
– 2.3 x 10
5
19 6
7 Cikembar l
1.0 x 10
3
– 2.2 x 10
4
17 3
3 Pringsewu
Sirogol l 2.6 x 10
3
– 6.6 x 10
5
28 10
5 Lampung
Tambun l 2.3 x 10
4
– 1.3 x 10
6
26 4
3 Cantik l
3.1 x 10
4
– 1.3 x 10
6
23 7
3 Bogor
West Java Blora Central
Java Padi gogo l
S.Bagendit m 1.2 x 10
4
– 2.4 x 10
6
3.4 x 10
3
–1.8 x 10
4
23 12
7 1
7 -
l local variety, m modern variety A total of endophytic bacterial isolates which are collected from each variety
isolates of endophytic bacteria of rice seedling Antibiosis test assay under in vitro onTSA and PDA medium
Endophytic bacteria are able to lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of certain pathogenic organisms caused by fungal and bacterial disease, viral
origin and in some instances even damage caused by insects and nematodes. The beneficial effects of bacterial endophytes on their host plant appear to
occur through similar mechanisms as described for rhizosphere-associated bacteria. These mechanisms have been reviewed in great detail by Backman
and Sikora 2008. The result of antibiosis test showed that some of isolates of bacterial endophytes and fungal endophytes resulted antibiosis activity
under in vitro condition.Testing in vitro antagonism of endophytes against fungal pathogens provides a rapid method to pre-select biological control
candidates based on antibiosis. Results showed that some bacteria inhibited the growth in vitro of Rhizoctonia solani and Pyricularia grisea.
58 Figure 1. Two Isolate of endophytic bacteria with different antibiosis
activity against Pyricularia grisea on PDA and TSA medium, isolate Ci10 A and isolate Si27 B.
Research has been conducted on the plant growth-promoting abilities of various microorganisms. Endophytes also promote plant growth by a
number of similar mechanisms. These include nitrogen fixation activity, phosphate solubilization activity, indole acetic acid production and the
production of a siderophore. Endophytic organisms can also supply essential vitamins to plants Pirttila et al. 2004. Moreover, a number of
other beneficial effects on plant growth have been attributed to endophytes and include osmotic adjustment, stomatal regulation, modification of root
morphology, enhanced uptake of minerals and alteration of nitrogen accumulation and metabolism Compant et al. 2005. It is believed that
certain endophyte bacteria triggera phenomenon known as induced systemic resistance ISR, which is phenotypically similar to systemic-
acquired resistance SAR Ryan et al. 2008.
Figure 2. Effect of selected endophytic bacteria on plant height of rice var. Batutegi at 21, 28 and 35 days after planting.