216
3.3. Biomass of vegetation in tropical peat swamp forest Biomass number of non-tree vegetation before timber harvesting activities
was dominated by herbs 90. It indicated that the primary forest had high biodiversity of herbs before timber harvesting activities. Biomass number
of non-tree vegetation after timber harvesting activities was dominated by grass 77. Table 2 showed that biomass number of non-tree vegetation
decreased 70 caused by timber harvesting activities. The forest degradation decreased 70 of biomass number of herbs, but it increased
85 of biomass number of grass and shrubs. Table 2. Biomass of tree and non-tree vegetation tonha in the three
conditions of forest area
Table 2 showed that biomass number of tree vegetation decreased 23 because of timber harvesting activities. The activities of forest degradation
decreased 99 of biomass number of tree vegetation in the tropical peat swamp forest. Istomo et.al. [4] Stated that tree biomass totally 247.50 tonha
in the primary forest, 111.40 tonha in the log over area, and 6.95 tonha in the opening area. The different number of biomass might be caused by
different conditions of the research areas such as peat thickness and human activities. Those results indicated that the harvesting techniques should be
improved and the best management practices must be implemented in order to maintain the biomass number in the tropical peat swamp forest.
3.4. Carbon stock of vegetation in tropical peat swamp forest Carbon stock of non-tree vegetation before timber harvesting activities was
dominated by herbs 91. It indicated that the primary forest had high carbon stock of herbs before timber harvesting activities. Carbon stock of
non-tree vegetation after timber harvesting activities was dominated by grass 74. Table 3 showed that carbon stock of non-tree vegetation
decreased 70 caused by timber harvesting activities. The forest degradation decreased 91 of carbon stock of herbs, but it increased 86
of carbon stock of grass and shrubs.
No Forest conditions Biomass of non tree tonha Biomass of tree tonha
Grass Shrubs Herbs Total Seedlings Saplings Poles Trees
Total 1 Before harvesting
1.51 0.61 18.53 20.65
0.17 1.63 15.61 160.04 177.45
2 After harvesting 4.82
1.44 6.26
0.24 1.20
9.96 124.96 136.36 3 Degraded forest
10.79 3.13
5.61 19.53 0.11
1.04 0.60
1.75
217 Table 3. Carbon stock of non-tree vegetation tonCha in the three
conditions of forest area
Table 3 showed that carbon stock of tree vegetation decreased 23 caused by timber harvesting activities. The activities of forest degradation
decreased 99 of carbon stock of tree vegetation in the tropical peat swamp forest. Ludang and Jaya [5] said that primary peat swamp forest had carbon
stock totally 351.33 tonCha. There was 173.33 tonCha in the log over area and 143.33 tonCha in the area after burning. The different number of
carbon stock might be caused by different conditions of the research areas such as peat thickness and human activities. Those results indicated that the
harvesting techniques should be improved and the best management practices must be implemented in order to maintain the carbon stock in the
tropical peat swamp forest.
4. Conclusion
Tropical peat swamp forest had high biodiversity both tree and non-tree vegetation. Timber harvesting activities in the tropical peat swamp forest
had reduced 29 of standing trees and decrease 23 of forest biomass and forest carbon stock. Those indicated that implementation of timber
harvesting in the tropical peat swamp forest should be improved by implementation of best forest management practices and advanced timber
harvesting techniques.
5. References
No Forest conditions Carbon stock of non tree
tonCha Carbon stock of tree tonCha
Grass Shrubs Herbs Total Seedlings Saplings Poles Trees Total 1 Before harvesting
0.46 0.15
6.40 7.01
0.06 0.72
7.17 95.91 103.86 2 After harvesting
1.54 0.54
2.08 0.08
0.52 4.57 74.33 79.50
3 Degraded forest 3.28
0.93 0.57
4.78 0.01
0.44 0.27
0.72
[1] Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional BAPPENAS. 2009. Reducing carbon emissions from Indonesia’s peat lands. Interm report
of a multi-disciplinary study. Paper was presented at wetlands international side event 11 December 2009. COP 15 Copenhagen,
Denmark.
[2] U. Suwarna, Elias, D. Darusman, Istomo. 2012. Estimation of total carbon stocks in soil and vegetation of tropical peat forest in
Indonesia. J. of. Trop. Foresy. Manag. 123:40-57.
218 [3] Istomo. 2006. Content of fosfor and calsium in soil and biomass of
peat swamp forest. J. of Trop. Foresy. Manag. 123:40-57. [4] Istomo, C. Wibowo, I.T.C. Wibisono. 2009. Plant diversity and
biomass content in relation to wise use of tropical peat land. In: Proceeding of Bogor symposium and workshop on tropical peat land
management 14-15 July 2009. Page: 57-66.
[5] Y. Ludang, H.P. Jaya. 2007. Biomass and carbon content in tropical forest of Central Kalimantan. J. of. Appl. Sci. in Envir. Sanit. 21:7-
12.
219
Analysis of the competitiveness of pangasius fish farming in Kota Gajah Sub-district, Lampung Tengah District,
Lampung Province
Angga Yudhistira
1,
, Harianto
2
, Nunung Kusnadi
2
, Stephan Wessels
3
, Bernhard Brümmer
3
1
Sustainable International Agriculture, Joint Degree Program: Bogor Agricultural University Göttingen University
2
Department of Agribusiness, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
3
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Göttingen University, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
Corresponding author: anggayudhistira42gmail.com
Abstract
The study examined data on pangasius fish grow-out business as practiced through earthen pond aquaculture system in Kota Gajah Sub-
District, Lampung Tengah District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Kota Gajah is famous in the utilization of local resources as cheap and sustainable
input for pangasius fish farming business. The study estimated the competitive and comparative advantages of the pangasius fish farming
business using the Policy Analysis Matrix PAM method to determine the Private Cost Ratio PCR and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio DRC.
Sensitivity analysis was performed to measures the responsiveness of the PCR and DRC to the changes of key parameters in pangasius fish farming.
The result shows that pangasius fish farming in Kota Gajah has competitive and comparative advantage, as confirmed by PCR and DRC that less than
1. Strong trade policy on output has given the local pangasius fish farmer competitive and comparative advantages. Policy on inputs is not really
providing protection to the pangasius fish farmers. Policy on inputs allows the farmers to buy input prices only 1 lower than their world market prices.
Government needs to give more protection on the inputs of pangasius fish farming. Comparative advantage of pangasius fish farming in KoGa is
sensitive to the changes in pangasius fish fillet FOB price, alternative feed prices rice bran and dried salted fish prices, and the official exchange rate
OER. Whilst the competitive advantage is sensitive only to the change in alternative feed prices.
Keywords
pangasius fish, competitive advantage, comparative advantage
