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3 KARAKTERISASI DAN SELEKSI GENOTIPE TOMAT
Solanum lycopersicum L. BERDASARKAN KARAKTER KOMPONEN PRODUKSI
Abstrak
Pergeseran budidaya tomat dari dataran tinggi ke dataran rendah menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi tomat yang sangat signifikan terutama
pada varietas tomat yang tidak mampu beradaptasi pada dataran rendah. Seleksi genotipe berdasarkan kriteria seleksi yang tepat adalah metode yang paling efektif
untuk mendapatkan genotipe tomat dengan produksi yang tinggi di dataran rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi genotipe tomat yang
memiliki komponen produksi tinggi pada dataran rendah, menentukan kriteria seleksi komponen produksi yang tepat di dataran rendah berdasarkan nilai
heritabilitas tinggi, korelasi fenotipe dan genotipe yang tinggi terhadap komponen produksi, dan keeratan hubungan karakter dengan komponen produksi melalui
analisis lintas. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil analisis gerombol diperoleh kekerabatan 30 genotipe tomat yang
dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok: kelompok I IPBT21 dan IPBT73, kelompok II IPBT4, IPBT6, IPBT13, IPBT64, IPBT74, IPBT80, IPBT85, dan
IPBT86, kelompok III IPBT1, IPBT8, IPBT26, IPBT43, IPBT57, IPBT58, IPBT59, IPBT60, IPBT78, IPBT82, IPBT dan IPBT84, dan kelompok IV IPBT3,
IPBT23, IPBT30, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT53, IPBT56 dan IPBT63. Berdasarkan ukuran buah, jumlah buah per tanaman dan bobot buah per tanaman, genotipe
yang direkomendasikan sebagai tetua untuk pewarisan komponen produksi adalag genotipe IPBT1, IPBT3, IPBT26, IPBT33, IPBT73, IPBT60, IPBT73, dan
IPBT78. Kriteria seleksi yang dipilih berdasarkan pada nilai heritabilitas tinggi, korelasi yang signifikan dalam fenotipe dan genotipe dan memiliki pengaruh
langsung yang tinggi terhadap bobot buah per tanaman adalah karakter jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat per buah
Kata kunci : analisis cluster, analisis lintas, heritabilitas, komponen produksi, kriteria seleksi.
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Abstract
Shifting cultivation of tomatoes from the uplands to the lowlands causing a decrease in yield production of tomatoes for the varieties grown less does not
comply with the required environmental conditions. Selection of genotypes based on appropriate selection criteria is the most effective method to obtain tomato
genotypes with high production in the lowlands. The objective of this research was to identify tomato genotypes and selection criteria to determine the character
of the high yield component in the lowland base on heritability, phenotype and genotype correlations, and path analysis. A randomized complete block design
was used with three replications. The results of the cluster analysis obtained pattern of kinship 30 genotypes of tomato were clustered into four groups: group I
IPBT21 and IPBT73, Group II IPBT4, IPBT6, IPBT13, IPBT64, IPBT74, IPBT80, IPBT85, and IPBT86, Group III IPBT1, IPBT8 , IPBT26, IPBT43,
IPBT57, IPBT58, IPBT59, IPBT60, IPBT78, IPBT82, IPBT and IPBT84, and group IV IPBT3, IPBT23, IPBT30, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT53, IPBT56 and
IPBT63. Based on the size of the fruit, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, genotype recommended as a parent for inheritance component production is
genotype IPBT1, IPBT3, IPBT26, IPBT33, IPBT73, IPBT60, IPBT73, and IPBT78. The selection criteria are based on the value of high heritability, a
significant correlation in phenotype and genotype and have a high direct effect on fruit weight per plant is the character number of fruits per plant and weight per
fruit
Keywords: cluster analysis, heritability, path analysis, selection criteria, yield component
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