Background of the Study

1. For students of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma

University It is hoped that the study gives students additional knowledge how one struggles to search for the meaning of life and provides information to understand the novel better. 2. For the future researchers It is hoped that this study can support future researchers resources for them in completing their study for it provides important information on Carla Van R aay’s God’s Callgirl and also offers some beneficial description about the main character and how she finds the meaning of life.

3. For the readers

It is hoped that the study gives the readers some important values since it tells about a human life experience. It teaches the readers to find the meaning of life in all conditions and situations. It encourages them to find their meaning of life in both good and bad situations.

E. Definition of Terms

This part will provide several terms which are going to be used in this undergraduate thesis. To avoid confusion and misunderstanding, those terms are needed to be defined and presented as follows:

1. Quest for

According to Hornby, quest for means “a long search for something, especially for some quality such as happiness: the quest for happiness or knowledge or truth.” 1235. In this study, quest for refers to a person’s effort to look for and gain her meaningful life.

2. Meaning of life

According to Frankl 171, meaning of life is the purpose in life. The meaning of life is found in every moment of living and life itself never ceases to have meanings, even in suffering and death.

3. Motivation

According to Petri 3 in Motivation Theory and Research, motivation is the concept we use when we describe the forces acting or on within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. Then, Frankl 154 in Man’s Search for Meaning: an Introduction to Logotherapy states the will to meaning really becomes the highest motivation of the people’s life.

4. Character

Abrams 20 in A Glossary of Literary Terms defines the term of character as a person in a dramatic or narrative work. He is interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities which stated in dialogues they say and the actions they do. In this study, character is a person who presented by the author to build a story through his action and expression.

5. Logotherapy

Logotherapy is developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Emil Frankl. The word logotherapy comes from the Greek word logos, which literally means “meaning.” Logotherapy focuses on the future, on the meanings to be fulfilled in the future. It is founded upon the belief that the will to meaning is the striving to find a meaning in ones life that is the primary. The meaning of life is the most powerful motivating and driving force in human. http:www.nursingplanet.compnlogo_therapy.html.

6. God’s Callgirl

God’s Callgirl is a term Carla uses to call herself when she becomes a prostitute. The term unexpectedly comes from Carla’s inspiration when she is at an exhibition of ancient Chinese vases. Becoming God’s Callgirl, Carla visualises herself as someone who serves her customers out of a pure desire to balance their energy by offering them her services. God’s Callgirl has a vision that Carla and her customers use the sexual act as an ecstatic meditation on God, and at the same time provide themselves with a pleasurable living Van Raay 320-321. 8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of a review related to literature which is divided into two parts. The first part is review of related theories. It presents theory of character and characterization, theory of critical approach to literature, and theory of logotherapy. The second part is theoretical framework.

A. Review of Related Theories

This part consists of some important theories to support the analysis in this study, namely the theory of character and characterization, critical approach to literature, and logotherapy. The theory of character and characterization help to find out the description of the main character. The theory of critical approach to literature is important to understand the work of literature. The theory of logotherapy helps to find out the actions of finding the meaningful life dealing with the main character’s searching for a meaning of her life.

1. Character

Characters are very important in a work of literature since they are necessary to make the story of the work of literature interesting. Characters are very significant because in order to understand the novel, the readers need to understand the characters.