limited. They may be less sophisticated. Therefore, their responses to the experiences in the story are also less complex.
Besides, Forster 46-54 in Aspects of the Novel and Related Writings states there are two types of characters in literature. They are flat characters and
round characters. Flat characters are built around a single idea or quality. These kinds of characters are presented without much individualizing detail, and
therefore can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase of sentence. One great advantage of flat character is that they are easily recognized whenever they
come in a story. A second advantage is that they are easily remembered by the readers. They are static and remain stable in a story.
Different from flat characters, round characters are complex in temperament and motivation. These kinds of characters are represented subtle
particularity so that they are difficult to be described with any adequacy as a person in real life. They are capable of surprising the readers. They are dynamic
and posses many individual and unpredictable human traits.
2. Characterization
Understanding the theory of characterization is needed in analyzing the characters that appear in the novel. The analyzing characters are implied by
understanding the definition of characterization and then knowing the methods of characterization.
a. Definition of Characterization
According to Barnet and Berman 77, characterization is defined by what the characters do or what they say, what others say about them, and by what the
setting in which they move. Moreover, Rohberger and Woods, Jr. 20 define characterization as the processes employed by an author to create character. The
creation of character includes particular personalities and physical attributes.
b. Methods of characterization
Murphy 161-173 in Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students
proposes a theory referring to the presentation of characters in front of the readers, in order to make readers
comprehend and capable to reveal the c haracter’s personality and traits.
According to him, there are nine ways in which an author attempts to make his characters understandable and alive to his readers as follows:
1 Personal description
In this way, the author can describe who a character is based on physical appearance and clothing. The physical appearance such as face, eyes, hair, skin,
body, and the clothing such as how character wears clothes, what kind of clothes the character wears can make the readers have a better imagination about the
character. 2
Character as seen by other characters Here, the author also can introduce the character to the reader through the
eyes and opinions of other characters. The author represents the character’s performance and personality by letting other characters in his story tell what they
see of the character they encounter.
