who might expect to find the quality of the character in dealing with various situations and events.
7 Direct Comment
The author can bring comments over the character’s disposition which facilitates the readers to understand the character. By giving comments explicitly
about the character’s disposition and opinion about the character in the story, the author has possibility to describe or comments on the c
haracter’s disposition directly.
8 Thought
The writer is able to give the readers direct knowledge of what the character is thinking about. When the character is in deep thoughts, the readers
can get into the character’s mind. In real life, one cannot see into other’s mind but in literary works, the character’s mind is readable.
9 Mannerism
The author can des cribe the character’s mannerism, habits, or
idiosyncrasies. Moreover, by knowing how the person behaves and acts in the novel, the reader will be able to understand the person’s character that the author
reveals the habits of the character both the positive and negative ones.
3. Critical Approach
According to Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. 3 in Reading and Writing about Literature
, we need to employ a mean which is called critical approach to have a reasonable judgment of a work of literature. It will help readers to have better
understanding of the nature, function, and positive values. Rohrberger and Woods,
Jr. 6-15 propose five kinds of critical approaches. Those approaches are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the socio cultural-historical
approach, the mythopoeic approach, and the psychological approach. Every approach has its own characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses.
That is why we should always consider in choosing the approach applied to a certain literary work because there is no single approach will suit to all kinds of
literary work. We must consider and be able to choose the most appropriate approach that will suit to our analysis.
In this study, I use the psychological approach. Rohrberger and Woods 13 state that the psychological approach helps us to analyze the novel from
psychological points of view of human beings. That is from the organization of thought and feelings of the character. Moreover, it also explains and
understanding the human motivation.
4. Logotherapy
According to Frankl, who is a professor of psychiatry and neurology, the highest motivation of people is the will to meaning. It motivates people to do all
actions, such as doing works, so that life becomes useful and worthy. The will to meaning is not an invention but it is a real spiritual phenomenon that is very
important in the people’s life. As the basic motivation of people, the will to meaning motivates them to be worthy and useful people who live with the
meaningful actions. Furthermore, Frankl discusses the will to meaning in his theory, called logotherapy.
