The method is particularly to transfer a SL expression faithfully into the TL. The translator will choose it when it shows impossible to find a suitable TL
expression of original for translating the SL expression. A vital condition of cultural borrowing is that the textual context of the TL should make the meaning
of the borrowed expression clear. Cultural borrowing will be most frequent in text on history or social or political
matters, where the simplest solution is to give a definition of term like „taile‟, „department‟, or „pra-revolution‟, „parlement‟ and then to use the SL word in the
TT. 1992:31. Furthermore, when the term of SL has already passed into the TL without significant change of meaning, the constituting standard conventional
equivalents of the SL borrowed. In this case, the translator may use significant decision of the TL which equivalent to the SL. For example, such expression as
„joie de vivre’, savoir-faire, „sauerkraut‟, „totem‟, taboo‟ can be called as standard conventional equivalents of the corresponding foreign expression.
iii. Calque Calque is an expression that consists of TL words and respect TL syntax,
but unidiomatic in the TL because it is copied on the structure of a SL expression. In essence, calque is a form of literal translation. A good calque manages to
compromise between imitating a SL structure and not offending against the grammar of the TL. Calquing may also be called a form of cultural borrowing,
although it replaces the verbatim borrowing of expression as a model of SL grammatical structures. Furthermore, some calqued expressions become standard
TL cultural equivalent of the SL. For example are French „poids moucche‟,
calqued on English „flyweight‟; French-Canadian „bienvenue‟ calque in English „you‟re welcome‟. Like all forms of cultural borrowing, calque shows signs of a
certain degree of exoticism, bringing into the TL the cultural foreignness and strangeness of the source cultures. 1992:33
iv. Communicative translation It is different from cultural borrowing since the translator may choose for
ccommunicative translation. This is often necessary to transfer culturally conventional principle where a literal rendering would be inappropriate. For
example, many proverbs, idioms and clichés have readily expressed communication equivalents in the TL.
It can be assumed that communicative translation is appropriate in the context because it render the situational impact with the TL expression 1992:32.
v. Cultural transplantation Cultural transplantation is the opposite end of level from exoticism which
is the extreme form of all translation, but more like adaptations. The whole part in SL is transplanted into the rewritten expression of TL.
The theories above are very helpful for the writer to analyze which strategies are suitable to translate the novel. Using those theories for further
analysis will make the process of determining translation methode used in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret easier.
3. Translation Process
“Translation is a craft consisting in the attemp to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message
andor another language.” Newmark, 1981, p.7.
However, the work of translating is not as easy as it sounded. Utterance letter cannot just directly translate a text word by word. There are many considerations
that have to be told of, such as the sturcture, the meaning, the cultural difference, etc. That is also one part of translation process. Much of the time is spent by the
translator by thinking. In other word, the process of translation is mostly done in the mind of translator. There are 4 process of translating. They are analyse,
transfer, restructuring, and evaluation.
Figure 2.2. Translation Process Evaluation and Revision
External Process Analysis
Restructuring Internal process
Transfering Original Text of
Source Language
Concept, Meaning, Message in Source,
Language Concept, Meaning,
Message in Target Language
Translation Text of Target Language
In analysis process, a translator analyze understands the Source Language Text. A translator must analyze and understand the meaningful realtionship
between words, gramatical relation, the meanging of its word or word combination, textual meaning, and even contextual.
After having completed the process of analysis which involves both grammatical and semantic aspect of the text, it is essential for the results of the analysis to be
transfered from the Source Language into the Target Language. This transfer process takes place in a translator‟s.
In restructuring process, a translator finds the essential components of words, expression, and their sentence structure. Therefore, the content, meaning,
and message of the Source Language can be fully transfered. After transferring the text into Target Language, the result of translation must be
evaluated and revised, or rechecked of the target text in terms of correctness with the source text. If a translator feels that there is still awkwardness in the language,
he or she must revise it again. This theory on translation process is useful for the writter to understand
what is actually going on in the mind of a translator when he or she tries to identify the problem in the Source Language text and, then, find the strategies to
be applied in the Target Language text. 3.1 Equivalence
The principal purpose of any translation should be to achieve „equivalent effect‟ i.e. to produce the same effect or one as close as possible on the
readership of the translation as was acquired on the readership of the orgininal Newmark, 1981. In doing translation, it is not easy to find an SL word which has
a clear one-to-one equivalent in the TL because of the different cultural background in both language. Most language are likely to have equivalents for the
more general verb of speech such as say and speak, but many may not have equivalents for the more specific ones. For example, be my guest, would not be
equivalent if it is translated into Jadilah tamu saya. It would be equivalent if its is translated into Silahkan.
It is translator‟s duty to represent what the Source Language wants to deliver in the Target Language as equal as possible, both in the
matter of the message and the reader. Thus, the most important thing in translating a text is transferring the same
mesage as the SL produces. Since both languages, English and Indonesian, have different cultural background, it is very essential to find the closest equivalent in
the TL, although it does not pay attention on semantic or grammatical aspect.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this paper, the writer discussed two problems related to the theories and studies by using the translation methods and theories. The first problem
formulation focuses on the comparison between TL and SL text. The aim is to identify the exact translation of Wizardry terms
in Harry Potter‟s second book. While the second problems in this research focuses on application of Hervey and
Higgins‟ method in translating Wizardry terms from English into Bahasa
Indonesia. Theories related to the study must be used to accomplish the analysis.
The theories based on Hervey and Higgins‟s translation methods are used to explain the process of translating wizardry terms. There are 5 methods proposed
by Hervey and Higgins; exoticism, cultural transplantation, cultural borrowing, communicative translation, and calque. All those methods above are applied in
this undergraduate thesis in order to analized the translation process of translating wizardry terms from English into Bahasa Indonesia.
D. Research Framework
This research aims to analyze the translation method used to translate Wizardry terms in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. The research is
started by collecting the Wizardry terms in the novel. From the data collection, the writer chose some sample for further analysis. The writer took random data to be
analyzed further. To achieve precise analysis, the research is divided into two parts. The
first section will analyze the translation of wizardry terms in both language, English and Indonesian.
The results from the first analysis is used as reference for the second analysis which focuses on the translation method used by Hervey and Higgins. The results
of the second analysis are useful to show what methods are used to translate the specific terms in the book, as well as the conclusion of this study. Explanation of
the steps of this research will be stated in the following diagram. Description the steps of this research will be described in the following diagram.
Figure 2.3. Research Diagram
SL Text
Wizardry terms
Analysis part II Further analysis of the Wizardry
terms using Hervey and Higgins theory
Result: the most suitable method appropriate to translate the book
Indonesian translation in TL Text
Collecting 30 data of Wizardry terms
Analysis Part I Compared the SL and TL text
side by side and given brief explanation to the wizardry
terms.
