language L2. He further mentions that it is an attempt to develop learners ’
competence in the target language. He also highlights that “learning strategy is
problem-oriented, which means that learners used the strategy to overcome the problems they encounter in language learning.
Several factors are found to influence learners in choosing learning strategy. As pointed out by Oxford 1990, in Msuya, 2016, the factors are
cultural background, attitude and belief towards the language, stage of learning, gender, motivation and language learning task. Moreover, Ellis 2008 also
mentions that age appears to be one of the factors affecting the way learning strategy is used. Through this discussion, the relationship between learning
strategy and attitude can be understood. It can be simply defined that learners ’
attitude affects them in selecting which learning strategy they want to use in the process of language learning to overcome the learning difficulties.
Learning strategy in this research refers to methods used by leaners to overcome difficulties in learning English. Different from other four learning
factors which affect the formation of attitude and vice versa, learning strategy is affected by attitude and does not affect attitude. However, it is still a significant
learning factor to be investigated along with attitude.
4. English Educational Research Reports
The term research report within this research refers to several forms of research reports commonly found such as thesis, journal article and research
paper. Examining the content of research reports is necessary as it provides information on the progress or development of education. As mentioned by Yates
2004 a good research should contribute to the improvement of education. Hence, such exploration is necessary to discover how far education has improved within a
specific period of time. To assist researchers in examining the research reports, especially for those who obtained large data, a table consisting research attributes
can be employed. The table should cover the attributes of research. Sozbilir 2016 as cited
in Gul and Sozbilir 2016 has developed paper classification form PCF which consists of five sections: subject of the paper, research design or methods, data
collection tools, sample, and data analysis methods. The researcher within this research has adjusted the paper classification form so that it becomes more
adaptive. As the results, twelve main categories are formulated. Those are 1 concept clarification 2 origin, 3 investigated topic, 4 related topic, 5
participant, 6 research goal, 7 research design and method, 8 data gathering instrument, 9 data analysis instrument, 10 sampling technique, 11 validation,
and 12 result. First, the classification of concept clarification of the issue being analyzed
is based on the concept clarification of the issue within the research reports. In determining the classification of concept clarification, the researcher made a list
of concept clarification stated in the studied research reports and then make a generalization through classifying the similar concept into one classification.
Second, the classification of origin is based on the classification area of English discussed in the previous part. There are three areas namely Inner Circle
Countries ICC, Outer Circle countries OCC and Expanding Circle countries PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
