materials to the lectures of English Education Study Program especially those who teach speaking IV subject. The materials are expected to be able to promote
meaningful learning. 2. The students
The materials designed may give different atmosphere to the learning process of students of English Language Education Study Program, especially
those who are involved in speaking IV subject. The integrated materials are expected to foster their English interactive communication competence and to
help learners to develop all language skills as well as their thinking and collaborative skill.
G. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misinterpretation, there are several terms used in this study that
need to be operationally defined.
1. Design According to Webster 1981: 611 design means a particular purpose held
in view by an individual or group: a planned intention or the process of selecting the means and contriving the elements, steps and procedures for producing what
will adequately satisfy some needs. Houle defines design as a develop plan to guide educational activity in situation. In this study, design means a set of plans to
arrange supplementary materials which are used for leaning process in accordance with the learner’s needs.
2. Supplementary Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English defines
supplementary as additional or extra. In this study, supplementary means additional.
3. Instructional material According to Leslie J. Briggs 1984, instructional materials refer to the
entire process of the analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet the needs; including the development of instructional
and the activities and the tryout and revision of all instruction and learner assessment activities. Dick and Reiser 1989 stated that instructional materials
refer to materials planned or designed for the use of teachers. In this study, instructional materials means set of activities and materials designed based a
previous analysis on learners’ needs. 4. Speaking
According to Widdowson 1979 speaking refers to a kind of active and productive interaction that makes use of aural mediums such are lips and tongue,
and the other oral activities. In speaking activity, face to face interaction is emphasized including dialogue, cooperative learning, discussion, or other forms
of verbal exchange as an act of communication. In this study, speaking refers to a process of oral communication.
5. Integrated materials Richards and Rogers 1988 define integrated materials as a set of
instructional materials that cover all four skills of language which are listening,
speaking, reading and writing. In this study, integrated materials refer to a set of instructional materials that cover multi skills, including communicative functions
and vocabulary and also the four language skills. These materials are employed by teachers as a mean to help the learners develop all four English skills, to obtain
learners’ desired performance and to foster English interactive communication competence.
6. Speaking IV subject Speaking IV subject is a compulsory subject in English Language
Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. According to Panduan Akademik Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, the goal of speaking IV
subject is that students are able to express themselves in oral communication in term of state their preference and opinion, to argue and to differ, to question and
represent as fluently as possible in both everyday and formal situation. In this study, Speaking IV is a subject taught in English Language Education Study
Program of Sanata Dharma University which purpose is promoting students’ communication skills, especially public speaking skills.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
