multimedia materials was taken place before conducting the interview in order to give clear description of the designed materials, so that the responses from the
respondents were able to achieve.
E. Data Gathering
In order to gather the data, the designer conducted several steps. First, the designer reviewed some related literature on the issue. It served as resources and
references for designing the materials. The focus of the literature reviewed was on the theory of English language teaching, the theory of instructional design, the
theory of integrated language teaching, and also theory of teaching speaking in ESL context. Second, the designer conducted pre-design survey. This survey
aimed to gather data on student’s learning needs. The designer distributed questionnaire to students of Speaking IV subject in English Language Education
Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and also conducted interview with the lecturer of the same course. The last step of the designer was conducting a
post-design survey research. The post-design survey research aimed to gather opinions and suggestion on the designed materials. The data gathered served as a
basis of evaluating and revising the materials. This survey research used questionnaire and interview as its instrument. The questionnaires were distributed
to lecturers of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and other English instructors who had experience in teaching Speaking
IV subject, while the interview was conducted to students of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University.
F. Data Analysis
Data analysis is the result of systematically search and arrangement on the materials accumulated by researcher such as interview transcript, field notes, and
other materials in order to increase their own understanding of them and enable them to present what they have discovered to others Bogdan and Biklen, 1982.
The data analysis was conducted twice, the first one was conducted after the designer did the needs survey and the second data analysis was conducted after
the designer conducting post-design survey research. There were two types of data taken from the survey research. The first one
was data from the pre-design survey which was gathered by distributing questionnaire to the students of speaking IV subject and interviewing lecturers of
the subject. The analysis on this data served as a basic consideration in designing the instructional materials. The second data was gathered in the post-design
survey research by distributing questionnaire to the lecturers of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and other English
instructors who had experience in teaching Speaking subject and students of the same setting in order to gain their opinion and suggestion on the designed
materials. The data was used to do the evaluation and revision on the design materials.
The opinion of the respondents of the post-design survey research was in the form of four points of agreement as stated below:
1 = strongly disagree with the statement 2 = disagree with the statement
∑ x X =
N 3 = agree with the statement
4 = strongly agree with the statement The result of the questionnaire was analyzed by using Central Tendency
Measurement. It was presented in the form of table so as to make it easier to be understood. The following table is the descriptive statistic of the respondent’s
opinion on the designed materials: No. Statements N
Graphic Presentation
Table 3.3. The respondent’s opinion on the designed materials Notes:
N = Number of respondent Mn = Mean
The data gathered in the post-design survey was calculated to search out the mean. The mean X is attained by counting the sum of the score
∑x divided by the number of the subject N. The formula is presented as follow:
X = the mean or average
∑ = the sum of …
x = raw score
N = the number of cases
G. Research Procedure
