20 events. By those connected events, the problems are clearly found in the story.
They affect to the focus of the story which is sequence of actions. In line with
Dumais‟ statement 1988, Hudak 2008 argues that “a narrative paragraph is a group of sentence that tells what happens, how the action
happens, and in what order the events occur.” as cited in Yantu, 2013, p. 8. The detailed of sequencing events should be clearly described in narrative writing.
They are used to enrich the reader in understanding the story. Derewianka 1990 explains the purpose of narrative is more than just to
entertain the readers. The basic purpose of narratives is to entertain, that is to gain and hold the
readers interest in a story. But narratives may also seek to teach or inform, to embody the writer
‟s reflections on experience, and to nourish and extend the readers‟ imagination. as cited in Kristianti, 2002, p. 20.
Thus, based on those explanations above, it can be concluded that a
narrative writing is an activity of writing story that includes serial of connected events in it. The connected events should be written in details by telling the
readers how the events happen and solve. Moreover, the narrative writing has purposes not only to entertain the readers, but also to deve
lop the writer‟s experience in a written form.
b. The Macro-Structure of Narratives
Every kind of text has its own structure. The structure of the text is used to differentiate kind of texts. For example, the structure of descriptive text is
different with narrative text. Since the focus of this research is narrative, the structure that is often called “Macro-Structure” of narrative text is described in
this part. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21 Fabb 1997, p. 165 defines macro-structure of narratives as one of the
aspects of narrative form whose basic element is from developing complication to final resolution of that complication. The complication is generally called as
conflict of the story that may successfully catch the readers‟ attention while reading narrative text. While after coming to the conflict, the resolution of that
conflict that is called resolution is expected to be included in the story. In addition, Labov and Waletzky 1967 find that there are various
components that supplement the storyline of narrative. as cited in Fabb, 1997, p.
165. They are namely Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution and Coda. Those components are common to be considered as
narrative writing requirements while writing a story. Besides, Labov and Waletzky 1967 state that “not every narrative will
have every component, though at least the complication and resolution are usually present because these make up the basic storyline.” as cited in Fabb, 1997, p.
166. In this study, from those three of six narrative macro-structures are focused by considering the level of 8
th
grade junior high school students. Those three
macro-structures of narratives are Organization, Complication, and Resolution. c. Requirements of Narrative Writing
Since the use of digital storytelling belongs to narrative writing that tells stories to the students as audiences, there are some requirements needed in
narrative writing. According to Bram 1995, Kammer 1949, McCrimmon 1984, and Cali n.d, there are five requirements in narrative writing as follows:
