The Nature of Narrative Writing

23 connectors between each paragraph to be connected each other. Those connectors are however, although, finally, and nevertheless. Another expert, Kammer 1949, p. 186 explains that coherence means “sticking together”. This coherence can be found in a paragraph in which one idea follows another idea in a good order. Those ideas help the reader understand the meaning of that paragraph. 3 Mechanics Mechanics are the important things that the writer tends to forget in writing. The content of the writing will not be good if the writer has really bad mechanics of writing. Due to its importance, this part provides the explanation of mechanics aspect of writing. According to Cali n.d., the mechanics aspects of the middle school students are spelling, punctuation and paragraphing. The spelling focuses on acquiring the specialized content-area of vocabulary. It is taught by using new strategy so that the students can identify the potentially misspelled words found in writing. In order to help them, Cali states that they can use the dictionary or spell- checker. The students must pay attention to other mechanics aspect such capitalization as it is mentioned by Cali. Meanwhile, Bram 1995, p. 92 explains punctuation as indispensable to careful writing. The writer has to pay attention to the correct use of punctuation in a sentence in order not to make different meaning. Because of its importance, the punctuation should be put in a good order. 24 4 Sentence Structure Sentence structure focuses on the use of grammar correctly, structurally sounds and meaningful sentences. The grammar that is used in narrative writing is simple past tense. The writers have to pay attention to the use of grammar in order to make clear meaning of their writing. Meanwhile, the development of sentences is required to make meaningful sentences. 5 Character and Setting Character and setting are found in narrative writing. They become essential requirements that must be included in it. The development of character can be in forms of convincing dialogue and reactions to other characters. While in the setting, the writers are expected to develop a sense of place, time and atmosphere.

6. Classroom Action Research CAR

Focusing on the use of digital storytelling in classroom teaching-learning activity, Classroom Action Research is used as a method of this study. In this part, the explanations of Classroom Action Research CAR are divided into two parts. They are the definition of Classroom Action Research and the characteristics of Classroom Action Research.

a. The Definition of Classroom Action Research

McNiff 2002, p.6 states “action research refers to a particular way of looking at your own work to check that it is as you would like to be.” as cited in Vaccarino, 2006, p. 7. It is also called self-reflective practice because it requires