Indri Hayuningtyas. F34102087 . Kinetics of Isothermal Adsorption of
R. Indri R. Hayuningtyas. F34102087 . Kinetics of Isothermal Adsorption of
β-carotene from Crude Palm Olein Using Bentonite. Supervised by Muslich and Prayoga Suryadarma. 2006.
SUMMARY
Oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. is one of plant species from the palmae family that can produce oil. Added value that crude palm oil obtain is one of the
richest source of carotenoids which can be used to produce retinol provitamin A. Crude palm oil contains about 15 to 300 times more retinol equivalent than
carrots, green leafy vegetables and tomatoes.
Palm oil consists of liquid fraction called olein and solid fraction called stearin. Crude palm olein is obtain from the fractionation of crude palm oil and it
has not through the refinery proccess. The yellow-reddish color of crude palm olein occurs because of the large amount of carotenoids content. Crude palm olein
contains a significant number of carotenoids, for about 680-760 ppm.
Cooking oil industries do the refining process which one of the intention is to obtain a pure final product of cooking oil. Bleaching is a stage of refinery process
that removes colored pigments, colloid suspensions gum and resin, oxidative materials and trace metals from palm oil. Bleaching process can cause some
degradations or even losses of cooking oil compounds such as alpha, beta, gamma carotene and lycopene. In other side, those compounds especially
β-carotene is potential as a source of provitamin A. Adsorption is one of the various methods to
recover β-carotene compounds from palm oil.
The objectives of this research are to obtain the equilibrium condition and the value of kinetics parameters, which are adsorption rate constanta k and
activation energy Ea of isothermal adsorption of β-carotene from crude palm
olein using bentonite and activated carbon. Kinetics of isothermal adsorption of
β-carotene from crude palm olein was done at temperature conditions of 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. Equilibrium condition
was obtained from the relation between β-carotene concentration decrease in olein
μgml and adsorption time minute. Equilibrium condition was achieved when the adsorption time no longer improve the decrease of
β-carotene concentration in olein
μgml. The adsorption rate constanta k was determined by the linear regression between the concentration of
β-carotene in adsorbent μgg and concentration of
β-carotene in olein μgml. Selection of the highest value of the determination coefficient r
2
was done to choose the fit adsorption isothermal model with the experimental data. The activation energy Ea was obtained by
using the linear regression between adsorption rate constanta k and temperature T with the Arrhenius equation. Adsorption quality was obtained by the
selectivity of adsorbent to adsorp β-carotene, α-tocopherol and free fatty acid. The
ability of adsorbent to release β-carotene by desorption process was done with
various eluents, such as hexane, isopropanol and ethanol. The crude palm olein characteristic were free fatty acid content 5,10 and
refractive index 1,4619. Both bentonite and activated carbon that used in the
experiment have the 150 mesh particel size. Equilibrium condition achieved by bentonite at temperature 40°C 20 minutes; concentration 68
μgml, 50°C 20 minutes; concentration 40
μgml and 60°C 18 minutes, concentration 32
μgml. While the equilibrium condition achieved by activated carbon at temperature 40°C 22 minutes; concentration 45
μgml, 50°C 22 minutes; concentration 60
μgml and 60°C 19 minutes, concentration 85 μgml. Freundlich isotherm model showed a good fit and appropriate with the
experimental data
.
The adsorption
rate constanta
for bentonite
at temperature 40°C 2,81 x 10
-5
ml g
-1
, 50°C 5,33 x 10
-2
ml g
-1
and 60°C 3,36 x 10
-2
ml g
-1
. While the adsorption rate constanta for activated carbons at temperature 40°C 3,04 x 10
-4
ml g
-1
, 50°C 1,29 x 10
-4
ml g
-1
and 60°C 6,16 x 10
-3
ml g
-1
. Activation energy Ea value for bentonite was 74,28 kcalmol and activated carbon was 30,04 kcalmol.
The adsorption recovery value of β-carotene for bentonite was 375,50 μgml
and activated carbon was 426,791 μgml. While the adsorption recovery value of
α-tocopherol for bentonite was 1397,451 μgml and activated carbon was 763,180
μgml. Free fatty acid content of crude palm olein after adsorption process 50°C, 171 minutes for bentonite was 4,59 and activated carbon was
2,83, while the refractive index value for bentonite was 1,4606 and activated carbon was 1,4616. The highest recovery percentage of
β-carotene by desorption process for bentonite and activated carbons was obtained by using ethanol which
was 16,6 and 2,7.
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Saya menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa skripsi dengan judul
“Kinetika Adsorpsi Isotermal β-karoten dari Olein Sawit Kasar dengan
Menggunakan Bentonit” adalah hasil karya Saya sendiri dengan arahan Dosen
Pembimbing Akademik, kecuali yang dengan jelas ditunjukkan rujukannya.
Bogor, Januari 2007 Yang membuat pernyataan,
R. Indri Respati Hayuningtyas F34102087
KINETIKA ADSORPSI ISOTERMAL β-KAROTEN
DARI OLEIN SAWIT KASAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BENTONIT
SKRIPSI
Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
pada Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian
Institut Pertanian Bogor
Oleh R. INDRI RESPATI HAYUNINGTYAS
F34102087
2007 FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR BOGOR
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
KINETIKA ADSORPSI ISOTERMAL β-KAROTEN
DARI OLEIN SAWIT KASAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BENTONIT
SKRIPSI
Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
pada Departemen TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian
Institut Pertanian Bogor
Oleh