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provides us with a sample that is highly representative of the population being studied, assuming that there is limited missing data.
C. INSTRUMENTS
Once the researcher formulated a research question, the researcher need to make decisions about what kind of data can collect which will best address the
research topic. Observation is the important way in discovering and collecting the data of this study. The researcher used two main research instruments, namely the
internet search and research reports classification tables. Internet search is the first instrument used to collect the research reports. Therefore, one of computer
program, Google Chrome, is used as research tool since the data are through Internet access.
Figure 3.1. Open source
After getting all the data and sorting them, to make all things clear, the tables were designed to categorize the data and present the data. Generally, all the
tables were made in Microsoft Excel which enables the research to directly count and get the percentage of each item. Also, those instruments were used to make
the results of the study objective and valid. Research reports classification form PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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tables were built based on Paper Classification Form PCF proposed by Sozbilir in 2016, Ary et al in 2010, Creswell in 2011 and Fraenkel and Wallen in 2009,
and the construct map as the pre-understanding framework see Chapter II of the current study. The rows provided the terms which will be used to classify the
content of each educational research. While, the columns presented the page number of the research reports. Another instrument was the researcher since the
researcher was the one who made the coding and categorization. Ary et al. 2010 defines that “the primary instrument used for content analysis is the researcher
himself or herself”. There were five types of tables; data sources, concept clarification,
quantitative, qualitative, and master table. The first table presented the data sources. It contains entry code and full identity. In the entry code the researcher
will code based on the country, year of publication and the subject matter. While, in the full identity, the researcher will write based on the author, year of
publication, research report name, volume and issue.
Entry Code Full Identity
Comments:
Table 3.1 Data Sources
The second table presented all the quantitative result of each items and sub-items found in the research reports. Therefore, there are nineteen tables
presented which can be seen in the Appendix 2. They are the table of year of publication in general which summarizes the results of year of publication from
Indonesia Ina, Asia, ICC, and OCC, the table of learning-teaching method in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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general which summarizes the results of learning-teaching methodapproach, learning-teaching techniquestrategy, learning-teaching media, learning-teaching
assessment, and learning-teaching materials, the table of related to skills and knowledge, related to attitude and learning factors, participants, sample sizes,
research problemsgoal, research method, sampling, validation, data gathering instruments,
data analysis
techniques, research
resultsdiscussion, suggestionimplication, and no-reported or not available.
ITEMS CODE
SUB-ITEMS N
TOTAL 110
100
Table 3.2. Quantitative Table
The third table presented the qualitative result of all learning-teaching methods found in 110 research reports. It contains summary of each research
reports which provide some essential information. Therefore, the English educational research reports were scanned in terms of the numbers of entry code,
title learning-teaching
method, research
topics, participants,
research problemsgoal, research method, sampling, validation, data gathering instruments,
data analysis techniques, research procedures, research resultsdiscussion, conclusion, and suggestionimplication.
Table 3.3. Qualitative Table
