NATURE AND DATA SOURCES OF DATA

65 general which summarizes the results of learning-teaching methodapproach, learning-teaching techniquestrategy, learning-teaching media, learning-teaching assessment, and learning-teaching materials, the table of related to skills and knowledge, related to attitude and learning factors, participants, sample sizes, research problemsgoal, research method, sampling, validation, data gathering instruments, data analysis techniques, research resultsdiscussion, suggestionimplication, and no-reported or not available. ITEMS CODE SUB-ITEMS N TOTAL 110 100 Table 3.2. Quantitative Table The third table presented the qualitative result of all learning-teaching methods found in 110 research reports. It contains summary of each research reports which provide some essential information. Therefore, the English educational research reports were scanned in terms of the numbers of entry code, title learning-teaching method, research topics, participants, research problemsgoal, research method, sampling, validation, data gathering instruments, data analysis techniques, research procedures, research resultsdiscussion, conclusion, and suggestionimplication. Table 3.3. Qualitative Table 66 The fourth table is a table for presenting the description of the meanings of learning-teaching method. It contains entry code, learning-teaching method and topic, and definition. In the entry code the researcher will code based on the country, year of publication and the subject matter. While, in the definition will present the description of teaching-learning method found in the research reports proposed by some experts. The function is to know whether one research reports with same topics have the same concept or meaning. Another function is to enrich knowledge by knowing the working definition and concept clarification of each learning-teaching method and topic found in research reports. Entry Code Learning-Teaching Method and Topic Definition Table 3.4. Concept Clarification The fifth table presented the master table which provide all information of each items and sub-items found in the research reports. It was designed by adjusting Sozbilir’s 2016 paper classification form. It would be printed since it is aimed to summarize all the content of each research report. Therefore, the English educational research in master table were scanned in terms of entry code year of publication, reference entry, title, ASI, OCC, ICC, learning-teaching method definition, research topics, related to skills and knowledge, related to attitude and learning factors, participants, research problemsgoal, research method, sampling, validation, data gathering instruments, data analysis techniques, research procedures, research resultsdiscussion, conclusion, suggestionimplication, not available, and evaluation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 67 Table 3.5. Master Table

D. DATA GATHERING

From the different authors who have a preferred number of and order for doing a content analysis which have been discussed in Chapter II, there are some steps in gathering data. Generally, the data were obtained from any relevant journals on the internet, the journals were searched with the keywords of learning- teaching method types. The journals with relevant titles provided by the Google search device were downloaded. Then, the articles obtained from the internet search were sorted based on their relevance to the topic of learning-teaching method. The researcher took the consideration from studying the abstract title, the article year, since this study is aiming at studying the trend in the past ten years and the abstract explanation of each article. There were a hundred relevant articles in total as the data for this study. The following discussion will present the steps in gathering the data clearly in which the researcher is firstly defining population. The population is research reports in English education. They were from theses, dissertations, journal articles and proceedings through open sources, such as TEFLIN Journal, ASIAN Online Journals AOJ, ELT Journals Online, and European Journal of Education, and others online Journal sources. They were randomly selected and collected through open sources by using some keywords related to the topic of the research. The keywords used were related to the types of learning-teaching method. The following figures expose the procedures and descriptions of data