Research Design and Method
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questions or hypotheses? Some possibilities might be students, teachers, parents, adults, some combination of these individuals, or entire school. Therefore, in this
step, the researcher have to decide the participants at what level as the unit of analysis to specify the population and sample. Understanding the groups
participating in research is crucial for future researchers as this could be their reference in determining further groups or samplings when undertaking a
research. There are 7 categorizations of studied sample participants found in the research reports which can be seen in detail in the following Table 4.12.
Table 4.12. Participants SUB-ITEMS
F
University Students – English Department
37 33.64
University Students
– Non-English Department: sub-total
21 19.11
University students – Polytechnics
1 0.91
University Students – Literature
1 0.91
University Students
– Nursing
1 0.91
University Students – Architecture Program of Science and Technology
1 0.91
University Students – Urban and Regional Planning
1 0.91
University Students – Management
1 0.91
University Students – Accounting
1 0.91
University Students – International Relation
1 0.91
University Students – Accountancy, Business Management, Costume
Administration. Multimedia Arts. Psychology and International Relation
1 0.91
University Students – Technology
1 0.91
University Students – Civic Education
1 0.91
University Students – Business Administration
1 0.91
University Students – Engineering
1 0.91
University Students – Math. Biology and Chemistry
1 0.91
University Students – Language Centre students
2 1.82
University Students – Pre-TESL Programme
1 0.91
University Students – Arts and Sciences
1 0.91
University Students – Expatriate Japanese
1 0.91
University Students – Education and Social Sciences
1 0.91
University Students – Intensive Course for Overseas Students
ELICOS 1
0.91 Senior High School Students
19 17.27
Junior High School Students 15
13.64 Elementary Students
10 9.09
Vocational School Students 1
0.91 Others: sub-total
7 6.37
English Teachers and Elementary students 2
1.82 English Teachers
2 1.82
94
Researchers 1
0.91 School Students
1 0.91
Language School Students 1
0.91
Total 110
100
Table 4.12 exposes that university students of English department make up the biggest group that participated in the researches, with the percentage of
33.64. The second place was occupied by University Students from non-English department, which make up 19.11 of the most-studied participant groups. The, it
was followed Senior High School Students, 17.27, Junior High School Students 13.64, and Elementary Students 9.09. The least frequent groups
participating in learning-teaching method research reports were Vocational School Students, Language School Students, English Teachers and Elementary students,
English Teachers, Researchers, and School Students 0.91.