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necessary interaction between the students’ own ideas, their empirical observations, and the curriculum content.
a. Theory of Teaching
Teaching involves method in its implication by teacher, for example audiolingualism, natural method, collaborative and communicative learning
techniques, etc. Beside, teacher always decides what approach will be involved in. However, in applying the approaches, methods, or techniques in teaching, teacher
draws it according to experience he has. The explanations given by teachers for what they do are typically not
derived from what they were taught in teacher education programs… Rather, the classroom action of teachers are guided by internal frames of
reference which are deeply rooted in personal experiences, especially in- school ones, and are based on interpretations of those experiences.
Marland 1995:131
Therefore, experiences which are taking roles in teacher decision on approach, methods, and techniques in teaching also influence the development of the skills
of teaching. Putorak 1993 in Richard, 1998, defined the progress of the development of skills, awareness, and knowledge from the level of technical
rationality where the focus is in the mastery on basic teaching skills and
techniques to the level of critical reflection where teaching is lead by the self assessment, personal theory, and self-reflection, and also self-evaluation.
b. Teaching Skills
Teaching skills are the core of teaching competence of language teacher. It is defined as the generic teaching skills underlying the competence in teaching.
Shulman 1987 as in Richard 1998 refers teaching skills as instruction:
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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[Instruction] involves the observable performance of variety of teaching acts. It includes of many crucial aspects of pedagogy: organizing and
managing the classroom, presenting clear explanation and vivid descriptions:
assigning and
checking work…
It thus
includes management, explanation, discussion, and all of observable features of
effective direct and heuristic instruction already well-documented in the research literature on effective teaching. 1987: 17
Hence, the teaching will involve selecting learning activities, preparing students for new learning, presenting learning activities, asking questions, checking
students’ understanding, providing opportunities for practicing new items, monitoring students’ learning, giving feedback on students’ learning, reviewing
and reteaching when necessary. Richard, 1998
c. Communication Skills
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