CHAPTER IV ENGLISH RELATIVE CLAUSES FOUND IN
THE GOOD EARTH AND ITS TRANSLATION
BUMI YANG SUBUR
This section is concerned with the translation analysis of English relative clauses into Indonesian. The analysis is based on the types of the relative clauses
proposed by Quirk 1985 and Sneddon 1996. Then it was used to analyze translation shift in translating English relative clauses into Indonesian using the
theory proposed by Catford 1965. The data containing relative clauses were taken from the novel entitled The Good Earth which was written by Pear S.Buck
2008 and its translation in the novel entitled Bumi yang Subur.
4.1 Types of Relative Clauses Found in the Novel the Good Earth
There are two types of English relative clauses; they are restrictive
relative clause and non-restrictive relative clause. The types of restrictive and non- restrictive relative clause are categorized based on their connectors, that is, the
relative pronouns whom, whose, who, which, and that or by phrases containing relative pronouns such as for which, to whom. Here are the types of relative
clauses found in the novel entitled The Good Earth and its translation Bumi yang Subur.
4.1.1 Restrictive Relative Clause as Subject and Its Translation
In these data, the relative pronoun who functions as subject within the restrictive relative clauses. Here are some data of restrictive relative clauses with
the relative pronoun who.
34
SL TL
4-1 He reproached this creature who
through all these years had followed him faithfully
pg. 82
Petani itu telah mencela makhluk yang selama ini selalu mendampinginya
dengan setia pg. 229
SL TL
4-2 A man who understood such a
business filled with horror at the thought of how money was spent
pg.83 Orang yang rupanya sudah ahli dalam
membuat usaha semacam itu merasa ngeri bila mengingat betapa banyaknya
uang yang dihambur-hamburkan pg. 233
Data 4-1 and data 4-2 show that relative clauses take the position as subjective case in the sentences. The antecedent is personal and the pronoun is the
subjective case of the relative clause. Who can be used in the restrictive relative clause for one or more persons. Data 4-1 and data 4-2 show that the relative
clause contains who as the modifier of the noun. Who refers to a person and it is a part of the restrictive relative clause. In Data 4-1 and data 4-2, who belongs to
the restrictive relative clause. In data 4-1, who within the restrictive relative clause who through all
these years had followed him faithfully, functions as the subjective case. This
creature is the subjective case of the verb had followed. The relative clause who
through all these years had followed him faithfully describes the preceding noun
this creature. The English relative clause this creature who through all these
years had followed him faithfully can be separated into two simple sentences as
follows:
1. He reproached this creature 2. This creature through all these years had followed him faithfully
In data 4-1, who functions respectively as the subjective case in the relative clause with a personal antecedent. When the first and second simple sentence are
combined, this creature in the second simple sentence is replaced by the relative pronoun who which functions as the subordinator.
Meanwhile, in data 4-2, the relative pronoun who within the restrictive relative clause who understood such business functions as the subjective case. A
man is the subject of the verb understood. The clause who understood such a
business describes the preceding noun a man. In data 4-2, who is used and
functions as the subjective case with personal antecedents. The English relative clause a man who understood such a business filled with horror at the thought of
how money was spent can be separated into two simple sentences as follows:
1. A man filled with horror at the thought of how money was spent 2. He understood such a business
He in the second simple sentence which refers to a man is the subject of
the verb understood. When the first and the second simple sentences are combined, he is replaced by the relative pronoun who which functions as a
subordinator to join two simple sentences. The relative pronoun who within the restrictive relative clause who understood such business is a part of the noun
phrase. The grammatical function of English relative clause in data 4-1 is to modify the noun phrase a man. It is called restrictive relative clause because it
limits the meaning of the noun phrase.
Data 4-1 and data 4-2 are translated into Indonesian and belong to the type of defining relative clause. Sneddon 1996 stated that a defining relative clause is
one whose subject coressponds to the head noun of the embedding phrase. In data 4-1, the head noun makhluk stands in the same relationship to the
verb as the subject of the clause; such a relationship is shown by the verb mendampinginya
. The clause is incorporated or embedded within the noun phrase by placing yang before it. The head noun makhluk stands in the same relationship
to the verb as the subject of the clause is shown by the active verb mendampinginya. Petani itu telah mencela makhluk yang selama ini selalu
mendampinginya dengan setia can be separated into two simple sentences as
follows: 1. Petani itu telah mencela makhluk
2. Makhluk itu selama ini selalu mendampinginya dengan setia In data 4-2, the head noun orang stands in the relationship to the verb as
the subject of the clause; such a relationship is shown by the verb membuat. The Indonesian relative clause orang yang rupanya sudah ahli dalam membuat usaha
semacam itu merasa ngeri bila mengingat betapa banyaknya uang yang dihambur-hamburkan
can be separated into two sentences as follows: 1. Orang merasa ngeri bila mengingat betapa banyaknya uang yang
dihambur-hamburkan 2. Orang rupanya sudah ahli dalam membuat usaha semacam itu
When the first and the second simple sentence are combined, the subject orang in the second simple sentence is replaced by yang. The clause is embedded within
the noun phrase by placing yang before it.
4.1.2 Restrictive Relative Clause as Object and Its Translation
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