3. Orang yang kepadanya saya mengirimkan surat. Sneddon 1996: 290 4. The person I sent a letter to. Sneddon 1996: 290
4 Locative Relative Clauses
Locative relative clauses differ from other relative clauses in that they are
not preceded by yang. For examples: 1. Pabrik tempat mereka bekerja tidak jauh dari sini. Sneddon 1996: 291
It is usually replaced by di mana in the present-day language:
2. Pabrik di mana mereka bekerja. Sneddon 1996: 291
The constructions with dari mana from where, from which and dalam mana
which are becoming more common in journalistic style:
3. Pangkalan dari mana roket itu dilepaskan. Sneddon 1996: 291 2.3.3
Translation Shift
Catford 1965 stated that shift is the departure from formal correspondence in the process from the SL into the TL. the translation shift is
made to get the natural equivalent of the source text message into the target text 1965: 76. Catford 1965 divides the shift in translation into two major types,
levelrank shift and category shift. Levelrank shift refers to a source language
item at one linguistic level that has a target language translation equivalent at a different level. In other words, it is simply a shift from grammar to lexis. Category
shift can be said as the departure from formal correspondence in translation. What is meant by formal correspondence is any grammatical category in the target
language which can be said to occupy the same position in the system of the target language as the given source language category in the source language system.
Catford 1965 considers two kinds of shift: 1 Shift of level and 2 shift of category.
1. Level Shifts
When a source language item at one linguistic level has a target language translation equivalent at a different level, it is called shift of level. Catford 1965
stated that cases of shifts from grammar to lexis are quite frequent in translation between languages. Levelrank shift can refer to a source language item at one
linguistic level which has a target language translation equivalent at a different level. For example:
Source Language Target Language
My father is reading a newspaper Ayah saya sedang membaca koran
From the examples above, it can be seen that a shift occurs from grammar to lexis in which the pattern be + V-ing grammar in the source language text is
translated into the lexical item sedang in the target language.
2. Category Shifts
