CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPT, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK,
AND RESEARCH MODEL
In conducting this research , there are some previous studies on relative clauses which were reviewed in this literature review. Here are some thesis and
articles which were reviewed to support this research.
2.1 Literature Review
Three previous studies and two international journals are reviewed in this sub section. Here are some thesis and two international journals
which were reviewed to support this present study. Trisna 2014 in her thesis describes Relative Clause in Japanese.
She describes Japanese has a relative clause construction and a variety of diverse constituencies. Japanese has a constituency which is formed from
the lexical categories, namely, noun, verb, adjective and adposisi. Japanese compound words can be done by combining the same category or
different categories. In Japanese, the nouns modified by restrictive relative clause are not limited to animate referents, but also to inanimate. The
nouns modified by a relative clause. In Japanese the positions are whether subject, object, possessor, or obliquely in the sentence. In Japanese there
is no word that can be said to be similar to the word which or who as relative pronouns in English. In Japanese, there is no noun expressed as
no . The weakness of this thesis is that the writer did not explain the
relation between oblique and clause in Japanese. The strength of this 7
thesis is that the writer gives clear explanation about the function of word class in Japanese clauses. The writer reviewed this thesis as it is related to
the topic discussed by the writer. The writer reviewed this thesis as it gives clear explanation about the form of relative clauses in Japanese.
Prawita 2014 in her thesis describes the types of shift of complex noun phrase occuring in the translation of Oprah from English into
Indonesian. She analyzed shifts in the translation of complex noun phrases. She used the theory proposed by Catford 1965 in A Linguistic
Theory of Translation and Nida 1975 in Language Structure and
Translation. The weakness of this thesis is that there is no relation
between the main and supporting theories. The strength of this thesis is on the relevant analysis of shift in the translation of complex noun
phrases, the factors causing shifts to occur and loss. The writer chose to review as this thesis gives clear explanation about the types of shifts
occuring in complex noun phrases. This thesis gives a contribution to the data analysis using the theory of translation shift.
Sadiyani 2011 in her thesis describes the corresponding
equivalents of Indonesian passive constructions in English used in the context of the tale “Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih and its translation
“Miss Onion and Miss Garlic”. She analyzed the types of Indonesian
passive constructions and their translation equivalents into English. The types of shifts were also discussed in her thesis. The writer chose this
thesis to review as it gives clear explanation about the types of shifts
occuring in Indonesian translation into English. The weakness of this thesis is that there is no relation between the main and supporting theories.
The strength of this thesis is placed on the relevance of shifts occuring in translation from Indonesian into English.
Agustini 2005 in her thesis describes the type and function of nominal clause in the novel the Official death by Prescott which was
published in 2003. All major of the relative clauses could be found in the data. This analysis also showed the function the nominal clauses
depending on their types. They may function as subject, object, subject complement,
adjectival complement,
adverbial and
prepositional complement. The weakness of this thesis is that there is no relation
between the main and supporting theories. The strength of this thesis is placed on the relevance between nominal clause and relative clause
analysis. The writer chose this thesis to review because it is related to the topic discussed by the writer. The writer chose this thesis to review as this
thesis gives clear explanation on the definition of relative clause. This thesis gives a contribution in the form of data analysis especially as a
comparison on applying concept of relative clause. There are some similarities and differences between Agustini’s thesis and this present
study. The first similarity is the theory which is used by Agustini to solve the problem in her thesis. She used the theory proposed by Quirk 1985.
This present study uses the theory of translation equivalence and the theory proposed by Quirk et all. The second is that she used the novel as
the data source and this writing also used novel as data source. The difference is that she explained manner adjunct in the form of clause
whereas this writing does not. Dewi 2005 in her thesis focuses on designing an overview of the
English pronoun. The kinds of relative pronouns and the functions of the relative pronouns were also described in this paper. This paper merely
investigated four relative pronouns. They are who, which, and zero. The weakness of this thesis is that there is no relation between the syntatical
analysis and the supporting theory used to describe the anal ysis. The strength of this undergraduate thesis is placed on the application of the
analysis of syntactical analysis by the writer. The writer chose this undergraduate thesis because it is related to the topic discussed by the
writer. The writer chose this graduate thesis to review because this thesis gives clear explanation about the definition of clause. This thesis gives a
contribution in the form of data analysis especially as a comparison on applying concept of clause in the sentence. There are some s imilarities and
differences between Rhatadi’s thesis and this writing. The first similarity is in the explanation about the adverb. In her undergraduate thesis, he was
concerned with the explanation of adverb. This writing also explains the definition of adverb. The difference is in regard to the topic; he described
the syntactical analysis but this writing describes relative clauses. The fourth thesis was written by Astuti 2005. The writer focused
on the structure of English Noun Phrase ENP as the Source Language
SL translated into Indonesian Noun Phrase INP as the Target Language TL. The translation of English Noun Phrase into Indonesian was
discussed in this paper. There aredistinction between “textual equivalence” and “formal correspondence”. The translation of Noun
Phrase was also discussed in this paper. The weakness of this graduate thesis is that the writer only described the type of translation. The strength
of this thesis is placed on the application of the translation equivalence in the data. The writer chose this graduate to review because it is related to
the topic discussed by the writer. The writer chose this thesis to review because this undergraduate thesis gave clear explanation on the definition
of translation equivalence. The difference between Astuti’s undergraduate thesis and this writing paper is in regard to the theory used to solve the
problem. In her undergraduate thesis, she explained the structure of Noun Phrase as the target language; whereas, this writing is concern ed with the
relative clause. The similarity is in regard to the theory used by the writer. Astuti used the theory proposed by Nida and Taber. In this paper the
theory proposed by Nida is also used. In the article “Interlanguage Syntax of L2 Persian Speakers: The
Case of Resumptive Pronouns in English Relative Clauses”, Maryam 2014 explores a pronoun in relative clause. The study evaluates Persian
speakers acquiring English as a second language. An experiment was conducted on adult Persian speakers. The students were given
questionnaires and asked to tick each sentence as to grammatical, or
ungrammatical. This study used the theory proposed by Schwartz and Sprouse 1996 which described the grammatical properties of the L2
leaner’s native language. It was found that L2 learners can successfully reconstruct grammar according to the L2 setting. In other words, in the
case of resumptive pronouns in relative clauses, L2 learners gradually reset their parameters in accordance with the values of L2, that is, no use
of resumptive insertion strategies. In the International Journal
of American Linguistics entitled “Free Relative Clauses in Two Mixtec Languages, Harold 2012
described embedded non-interrogative wh-clauses known as free relative clauses
henceforth, FRs in two Mixtec languages – Nieves Mixtec. The writer analyzed free relative clauses in two Mixtec Languages. Both
mixtec languages make use of most wh-words found in the interrogatives to form free relatives. There are three kinds of free rel atives that are
attested cross linguistically, those are: definite free relatives, existential free relatives and ever free relatives. Free relative clauses and headed
relative clauses in both languages were discussed by the writer. Both types of relative clauses were discussed in order to know about the similarities
and differences between source language and target language. There are two previously unstudied mixtec languages. Nieves Mixtec and Melchor
Ocampo Mixtec were investigated with special emphasis on free relative clauses and two related wh-constructions.
2.2 Concepts
Kategori