family moved into town and rent the old House of Hwang. Wang Lung wanted peace, but there were always disputes especially between his first
and second sons, and particularly their wives.
3.4 Research Instruments
Research instrument was an important part of the process of this study in order to obtain valid and complete data. It was important to list
group the data . The English relative clauses in the sentences are used as the data in this research. It was important as well to use ballpoint, paper
and computer in collecting data. The instruments were used to collecting data from reading the English and Indonesian sources to when the types
were written as well. The data are presented using tables and tree diagrams.
3.5 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The method of collecting data in this study was observation and documentary analysis. The observation method was applied to observe the
entire data that contain English relative clauses in the source language and their translations in the target language. The techniques of collecting data
were note taking, reading and observing. The process of collecting the data was by reading the entire novel to understand the story of the novel
and to observe the possibility of the data that could be taken from this book. Firstly, the entire novels were read to find out the types of English
relative clauses. After that, it was important to select the data based on the problems which were discussed in this study. The types of the relative
clauses and their translations into Indonesian were classified. Finally,
the types of shifts of relative clauses occuring in the translation of The Good Earth
into Bumi yang Subur were analyzed.
3.6 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
Qualitative descriptive method is the method used to analyze data. The data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. This method was
aimed at describing the data systematically and accurately. The data were analyzed through several stages. After being collect ed, the data were listed
in tables between the source language and target language. Then, the relative clauses found in the source language were compared with their
Indonesian translations. The next step was identifying and analyzing the data by applying the theory proposed by Quirk 1985. The data were read
and collected by note taking. Then, the data were classified using the theory proposed by Quirk 1985 and Sneddon 1996.
3.7 Method and Technique of Presenting Data
The data were presented using the method proposed by Sudaryanto 1993. Sudaryanto 1993 stated that the formal method deals with the way of presenting
a topic by applying explanation using words to describe findings. The formal method means that data are analyzed using symbols, tables, diagrams, and figures.
No. Source Language
Target Language
1. Wang Lung had invited those who
came to wedding feast pg. 21
Wang Lung telah mengundang mereka yang datang ke pesta
pernikahan pg. 58
SL: S
NP VP
N perfect V
NP N
RC S
NP VP
Rel.pro V
PP
Wang Lung had invited those
who came to wedding feast TL:
S NP
aux VP
N V
NP N
RC S
NP VP
Rel.pro V
PP
Wang Lung telah mengundang mereka yang datang ke pesta pernikahan
The English relative clause in the source language has the constituents of head those as a head, post modifiers who came as a relative clause and to the
wedding feast a s a prepositional phrase. Meanwhile, relative clause in the target
language has the constituent of head mereka as a noun, post modifiers yang datang
as a relative clause and ke pesta pernikahan as a prepositional phrase. Wang Lung had invited those who came to wedding feast
was translated into Wang Lung telah mengundang mereka yang datang ke pesta pernikahan.
The example of the Source Language above is the type of the restrictive relative clause with relative pronoun who. In the restrictive relative clause, the relative
pronoun can function as subject. In the data above, there is a main clause Wang Lung had invited those
and a relative clause who came to wedding feast. The English relative clause who came to wedding feast is translated into yang datang
ke pesta pernikahan. The relative pronoun who refers to more than one person and
belongs to the restrictive relative clause as subject. It gives the information needed to make the antecedent definite.
Level shift can be identified from the occurance of the relative clause in the source language and target language. The English relative clause consists of
perfect had + past participle invited. The tense used is the past perfect tense with the auxiliary had and followed by the past participle invited. It is
translated into telah mengundang in the target language. Based on the theory proposed by Catford, the type of shift occuring in the translation is level shift
which is a change in the grammatical unit “had invited” in the source language into the lexical unit “ telah mengundang” in the target language.
CHAPTER IV ENGLISH RELATIVE CLAUSES FOUND IN
