teaching learning as the source of data. Those multiple sources of data can be used to lead the researcher to the conclusion of the case being investigated. Meanwhile,
multiple methods can be used by the researcher to collect the data by using multiple methods of data collection such as questionnaire, observation, interview,
and document analysis. The second is member checks. Member checking strategy means that the
researcher takes data and tentative interpretations back to the people from whom they are derived and asking them if the results are plausible. In member checking,
the researcher sends back the result of interview transcription to the subject of the research. It isused to clarify whether what the researcher obtains from the
interview is appropriate or not to what the subject of the research means.
F. Data Analysis
The data collected through data collecting technique are analyzed by using Interactive Model proposed by Miles and Huberman Miles and Huberman, 1984:
21-22. This type of data analysis is divided into four parts, namely data collection, data reduction, data displays and drawing conclusion and verification.
1. Data collection
In data collection period, all the data needed are gathered together. The data are collected and gathered by using techniques of collecting data that
have been mentioned. In this research, the techniques of collecting data will be interview, observation, questionnaire, and document analysis. From
interview and questionnaire, the teachers‟ beliefs about authentic materials
to teach listening will be obtained. Meanwhile, the teaching practice in perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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listening class will be obtained through observation in the classroom. In addition, documents analysis will be used to collect the data about the
manifestation of teachers‟ beliefs on the use of authentic materials to teach listening. Interview to students will be used to collect the factors affected
teachers beliefs on the use of authentic materials to teach listening.
2. Data reduction
Data reduction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming the raw data that appear in written-up field
notes Miles and Huberman, 1984: 21. The data reduction is not only the process of selecting the data, but also further activities, such as making
summary, coding, teasing out theme, making clusters, making partitions, writing memos, etc. Data reduction is a form of analysis that sharpens,
sorts, focuses, discards, and organizes data in such a way that final conclusion can be drawn and verified. In data reduction, the researcher
will select the points that depict teachers‟ beliefs on the use of authentic materials to teach listening. From the points that are suitable to answer the
research questions, the researcher will list what components include teachers‟ beliefs, how the beliefs apply in teaching, and what factors
affected beliefs.
3. Data displays
After the data is sorted in data reduction, the data is displayed as an organized assembly of information leading the conclusion drawing and
action taking. It is considered that the better displays are a major avenue to perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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valid qualitative analysis. The types of data display can be put in form of matrices, tables, charts, graphs, etc Miles and Huberman, 1984: 21.
Therefore, the researcher will make chart about how beliefs and practice related, and what factors affected the implementation of them.
4. Drawing conclusion and verification
